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Updated: Jun 7, 2026
Dissecting Innate Immune Signaling in Viral Evasion of Cytokine Production
Published on: March 2, 2014
In Vitro and In Vivo Evaluation of Virus-Induced Innate Immunity in Mouse
Zhe Wang1, Penghui Hu2, Xiao Shan3
1Department of Health Management Centre & Institute of Health Management, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
Abstract:
The innate immune system is the first line of host defense against infection by pathogenic microorganisms, among which macrophages are important innate immune cells. Macrophages are widely distributed throughout the body and recognize and eliminate viruses through pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) to sense pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs). In the present chapter, we provide detailed protocols for vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) amplification, VSV titer detection, isolation of mouse primary peritoneal macrophages, in vitro and in vivo VSV infection, detection of interferon-beta (IFN-β) expression, and lung injury. These protocols provide efficient and typical methods to evaluate virus-induced innate immunity in vitro and in vivo.
Insights
This chapter details methods for studying the innate immune response to viruses. It covers protocols for assessing macrophage antiviral activity and virus-induced inflammation in vitro and in vivo.
Area of Science:
- Immunology
- Virology
- Molecular Biology
Background:
- The innate immune system provides the initial defense against pathogens.
- Macrophages are key innate immune cells that detect and eliminate viruses.
- Pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) on macrophages sense pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs).
Purpose of the Study:
- To provide detailed protocols for evaluating virus-induced innate immunity.
- To establish methods for in vitro and in vivo studies of macrophage antiviral responses.
- To facilitate the assessment of viral infection and subsequent immune responses.
Main Methods:
- Vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) amplification and titer determination.
- Isolation of primary mouse peritoneal macrophages.
- In vitro and in vivo VSV infection models.
- Detection of interferon-beta (IFN-β) expression.
- Assessment of virus-induced lung injury.
Main Results:
- Established protocols for comprehensive analysis of innate immune responses to VSV.
- Demonstrated methods for quantifying viral load and immune mediators.
- Provided a framework for studying macrophage function during viral infections.
- Enabled evaluation of both cellular and tissue-level responses to viral challenge.
Conclusions:
- The presented protocols offer efficient and typical methods for studying virus-induced innate immunity.
- These methods are applicable for both in vitro and in vivo investigations.
- The chapter serves as a valuable resource for researchers in immunology and virology.
- Facilitates a deeper understanding of macrophage roles in antiviral defense.
