Catalytic conversion of carbon dioxide (CO₂) using coal-based nano-carbon materials

Carbon dioxide (CO₂) is a prominent greenhouse gas and a widely available carbon resource. The chemical conversion of CO₂ into high-value chemicals and fuels is a significant approach for mitigating carbon emissions and attaining carbon neutrality. However, enhancing CO₂ adsorption and conversion rates remains a primary challenge in CO₂ recycling. The development of high-performance catalysts is pivotal for the catalytic conversion of CO₂. In this context, coal-based carbon materials, characterized by their extensive specific surface area and adaptable chemical composition, can offer more reactive active sites and have robust CO₂ adsorption capabilities. They can function as either standalone catalysts or as components of composite catalysts, making them promising materials for CO₂ reduction. The use of affordable and abundant coal as a precursor for carbon materials represents a crucial avenue for achieving clean and efficient coal utilization. This paper reviews the progress of research on coal-based carbon materials and examines their advantages and challenges as catalysts for CO₂ reduction.