Biomaterials based on advanced oxidation processes in tooth whitening: fundamentals, progress, and models

Area of Science:

• Biomaterials Science
• Dental Research
• Oxidative Chemistry

Background:

• Current tooth whitening relies on hydrogen peroxide, often causing tooth sensitivity and gingival irritation due to high concentrations or prolonged contact.
• There is a growing demand for effective and safe aesthetic dental treatments.
• Novel materials and reaction pathways are being explored to overcome the limitations of traditional hydrogen peroxide-based methods.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review the application of advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) in tooth bleaching.
• To describe AOP mechanisms and summarize recent advancements in AOP-based tooth whitening materials.
• To propose a molecular-level model for tooth bleaching and identify future research directions.

Main Methods:

• Literature review focusing on advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) relevant to tooth bleaching.
• Analysis of common AOP types and their underlying mechanisms.
• Synthesis of current research on novel AOP-based tooth whitening materials.

Main Results:

• AOPs generate potent free radicals, potentially increasing oxidation power and reducing treatment time for tooth bleaching.
• AOPs show promise in minimizing side effects like tooth sensitivity and gingival irritation compared to conventional methods.
• The review proposes a molecular model for AOP-driven tooth bleaching and discusses rate-controlling steps.

Conclusions:

• Advanced oxidation processes represent a promising alternative for developing safer and more effective tooth whitening agents.
• Further research is needed to address the shortcomings of current AOP-based materials and optimize their clinical application.
• Future directions include refining AOP mechanisms and developing innovative materials for enhanced dental aesthetics.