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Effect of Time-Restricted Eating on β-Cell Function in Adults With Type 2 Diabetes.
Caroline Kaercher Kramer1,2,3, Bernard Zinman1,2,3, Denice S Feig1,2,3
1Leadership Sinai Centre for Diabetes, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON M5T 3L9, Canada.
Time-restricted eating (TRE) improved pancreatic beta-cell function and insulin resistance in overweight individuals with early type 2 diabetes. This dietary strategy also led to significant reductions in body weight and adiposity.
Area of Science:
- Metabolic health
- Endocrinology
- Diabetes management
Background:
- Time-restricted eating (TRE) is a dietary approach involving a daily fasting period.
- Its effects on cardiometabolic health are recognized, but its impact on type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) requires further investigation.
- Understanding TRE's metabolic effects is crucial for non-pharmacological T2DM management.
Purpose of the Study:
- To assess the efficacy of TRE in enhancing pancreatic beta-cell function.
- To evaluate the impact of TRE on the metabolic status of overweight individuals with early T2DM.
- To determine TRE's effects on insulin resistance and body composition.
Main Methods:
- A randomized crossover trial involving 39 overweight participants with early T2DM.
- Intervention groups received either 6 weeks of TRE (4-hour eating window) or standard lifestyle advice.
- Primary outcome: Insulin Secretion-Sensitivity Index-2 (ISSI-2) assessed via oral glucose tolerance test.
Main Results:
- TRE significantly increased ISSI-2 by 14%, indicating improved beta-cell function.
- Hepatic insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) decreased by 14% with TRE.
- TRE led to significant reductions in HbA1c, body weight, and waist circumference.
Conclusions:
- Time-restricted eating demonstrates significant benefits for beta-cell function and insulin resistance in early T2DM.
- TRE offers a promising non-pharmacological strategy for managing T2DM.
- Improvements in adiposity metrics accompany the metabolic enhancements observed with TRE.
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