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Related Experiment Videos

Superoxide dismutase: an evolutionary puzzle.

Y M Lee, D J Friedman, F J Ayala

    Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
    |February 1, 1985
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

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    Superoxide dismutase (SOD) evolution rates vary significantly across species, challenging its use as a reliable evolutionary clock. Independent deletions in cow and fruit fly SOD highlight potential errors in evolutionary timing using single protein sequences.

    Area of Science:

    • Biochemistry
    • Molecular Evolution
    • Genomics

    Background:

    • Copper/zinc-containing superoxide dismutase (SOD) is a crucial enzyme involved in cellular defense.
    • The amino acid sequences of SOD are known for several species, including mammals and yeast.
    • Understanding SOD's evolutionary trajectory can provide insights into protein evolution and phylogenetic analysis.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To determine the complete amino acid sequence of Drosophila melanogaster copper/zinc-containing superoxide dismutase (SOD).
    • To analyze the evolutionary rate of SOD across different species.
    • To evaluate the suitability of SOD as an evolutionary clock for dating evolutionary events and reconstructing phylogenetic relationships.

    Main Methods:

    • Amino acid sequencing of Drosophila melanogaster SOD.

    Related Experiment Videos

  • Comparative sequence analysis of SOD from Drosophila melanogaster, humans, horses, cows, and Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
  • Calculation of amino acid substitution rates per 100 residues per 100 million years.

    • Main Results:

    • The complete amino acid sequence of Drosophila melanogaster SOD was obtained.
    • SOD exhibits highly variable evolutionary rates: 30.9 substitutions/100 residues/100 Myr among mammals, 10.6 between Drosophila and mammals, and 5.8 between yeast and animals.
    • A two-amino-acid deletion occurred independently in the evolutionary lineages of cows and Drosophila.

    Conclusions:

    • Superoxide dismutase (SOD) is not a reliable evolutionary clock due to its variable evolutionary rates.
    • Independent mutational events, such as deletions, can complicate phylogenetic analyses.
    • Relying on the primary structure of a single gene or protein for evolutionary timing and phylogenetic reconstruction may lead to significant errors.