Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Satellite Stem Cells and Muscular Dystrophy01:21

Satellite Stem Cells and Muscular Dystrophy

1.9K
Satellite stem cells or myosatellite cells are quiescent stem cells that Alexander Mauro first identified in 1961. These cells are located between the sarcolemma, the plasma membrane of muscle fibers, and the basal lamina, the connective tissue sheath covering it. These mononucleated cells are activated in response to muscle injury, can transform into myoblasts, and may form or repair muscle fibers. Myosatellite cells can provide additional myonuclei for muscle regeneration or return to a...
1.9K
Multipotency and Niche of Bulge Stem Cell01:06

Multipotency and Niche of Bulge Stem Cell

3.5K
A hair follicle or HF is a small part of the skin that produces the hair shaft. Paul Gerson Unna was the first to observe a bulge in the human hair follicle's outer root sheath (ORS). The bulge is present between the sebaceous gland and the arrector pili muscle and is the niche for hair follicle stem cells (HFSCs). The bulge is also a niche for melanocyte stem cells, and their loss results in graying of hair. The HFSCs express Sox9 and Lhx2, which help them maintain stemness and prevent...
3.5K
Multipotency of Hematopoietic Stem Cells01:19

Multipotency of Hematopoietic Stem Cells

3.0K
The hematopoietic stem cells or HSCs are multipotent, meaning they can differentiate and give rise to all blood and immune cells. HSCs are maintained in the quiescent stage until an external stimulus initiates their differentiation. The multipotent HSCs exist as two heterogeneous populations, long-term repopulating cells (LTRC) and short-term repopulating cells (STRC). The two HSC populations have different surface markers or receptors and are classified based on quiescence and long-term...
3.0K
Stem Cell Niche01:26

Stem Cell Niche

5.0K
The stem cell niche is the dynamic microenvironment where stem cells reside. Inside these niches, the cells may remain undifferentiated, undergo high self-renewal, or become lineage-specific progenitors. Stem cells coexist with other niche cells, such as stromal cells. They also interact closely with the ECM. Cell-cell and cell-matrix communication occur via adhesion molecules or soluble factors that signal the stem cells and determine their fate. Stromal cells also provide survival signals to...
5.0K
Formation of Muscle Fibers from Myoblasts01:13

Formation of Muscle Fibers from Myoblasts

4.8K
De novo myogenesis, or the formation of muscle fibers, begins during the early embryonic stages. The skeletal muscle is formed from somites– blocks of embryonic cell layers. The somites are further divided into dermatomes, myotomes, sclerotomes, and syndetomes. Among these, the myotomes give rise to muscle fibers.
Muscle progenitor cells (MPCs) are formed from the myotomes. MPCs express genes that encode the transcription factors Pax3 and Pax7. Along with Pax 3/7, other transcription...
4.8K
Maintenance of the ES Cell State01:14

Maintenance of the ES Cell State

2.2K
The cells of the blastocyst inner cell mass only remain pluripotent for a short time. This state of pluripotency and self-renewal can be maintained in embryonic stem (ES) cell culture by adding specific chemicals or growth factors to ensure the cells can continue dividing and later differentiate into different cell types. In some cases, the cells are grown on a feeder layer of differentiated cells, which provides the growth factors and extracellular matrix components necessary for stem cell...
2.2K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Longispora agrisoli sp. nov., a novel actinomycete isolated from soil of sweet potato field and producing γ-L-glutamyl-L-tryptophan.

The Journal of antibiotics·2026
Same author

Emulsion-Templated Gel Embedding: A Microfluidics-Free Method for Scalable Cell Encapsulation in Hydrogel Microcapsules.

ACS biomaterials science & engineering·2026
Same author

Loss of FoxO in skeletal muscle leads to disrupted muscle metabolism and exacerbates starvation-induced hepatic steatosis.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·2026
Same author

Baculovirus-mediated gene transfer enables functional expression of the PIEZO1 ion channel in isolated muscle satellite cells.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2025
Same author

Questionnaire Survey of Japanese Patients With Inflammatory Bowel Disease and Physicians on Shared Decision-Making in Advanced Therapy: A Web-Based PAIR Survey.

Crohn's & colitis 360·2025
Same author

Mg<sup>2+</sup> influx mediated by TRPM7 triggers the initiation of muscle stem cell activation.

Science advances·2025

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 15, 2025

Generation of Myospheres From hESCs by Epigenetic Reprogramming
09:32

Generation of Myospheres From hESCs by Epigenetic Reprogramming

Published on: June 21, 2014

7.8K

The Hox-based positional memory in muscle stem cells.

Ryosuke Okino1, Yuki Goda1, Yusuke Ono1,2

  • 1Muscle Biology Laboratory, Research Team for Aging Science, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute for Geriatrics and Gerontology (TMIG), 35-2 Sakae-cho, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, 173-0015, Japan.

Journal of Biochemistry
|August 28, 2024
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Skeletal muscle disorders show region-specific vulnerability unexplained by fiber types. Topographic homeobox (Hox) genes provide positional memory, potentially revealing new insights into muscle disease pathophysiology.

Keywords:
Hoxmuscle regenerationmuscle stem cellspositional memoryskeletal muscle

More Related Videos

Isolation of Quiescent Stem Cell Populations from Individual Skeletal Muscles
11:35

Isolation of Quiescent Stem Cell Populations from Individual Skeletal Muscles

Published on: December 9, 2022

3.2K
Identification of Skeletal Muscle Satellite Cells by Immunofluorescence with Pax7 and Laminin Antibodies
07:18

Identification of Skeletal Muscle Satellite Cells by Immunofluorescence with Pax7 and Laminin Antibodies

Published on: April 19, 2018

21.1K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 15, 2025

Generation of Myospheres From hESCs by Epigenetic Reprogramming
09:32

Generation of Myospheres From hESCs by Epigenetic Reprogramming

Published on: June 21, 2014

7.8K
Isolation of Quiescent Stem Cell Populations from Individual Skeletal Muscles
11:35

Isolation of Quiescent Stem Cell Populations from Individual Skeletal Muscles

Published on: December 9, 2022

3.2K
Identification of Skeletal Muscle Satellite Cells by Immunofluorescence with Pax7 and Laminin Antibodies
07:18

Identification of Skeletal Muscle Satellite Cells by Immunofluorescence with Pax7 and Laminin Antibodies

Published on: April 19, 2018

21.1K

Area of Science:

  • Muscle biology
  • Developmental biology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Skeletal muscle exhibits diverse anatomical and functional characteristics.
  • Pathological conditions like muscular dystrophy, sarcopenia, and cachexia affect skeletal muscles in a region-specific manner.
  • Current physiological classifications do not fully explain this topographical vulnerability.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the concept of Hox-based positional memory in skeletal muscle.
  • To explore the role of Hox gene expression patterns as molecular signatures of muscle location and embryonic origin.
  • To discuss the implications of Hox-based positional memory for understanding region-specific muscle pathophysiology.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on Hox gene expression in skeletal muscle.
  • Analysis of studies linking Hox gene patterns to muscle stem cell behavior.
  • Discussion of evidence for Hox-based positional memory in adult mice and humans.

Main Results:

  • Topographic homeobox (Hox) gene expression patterns serve as a molecular signature for the anatomical location and embryonic history of skeletal muscles.
  • Hox-based positional memory is maintained in adult muscles and influences muscle stem cells.
  • Aberrant Hox gene function impacts muscle stem cells, suggesting a role in muscle homeostasis and disease.

Conclusions:

  • Hox-based positional memory offers a novel framework for understanding the region-specific vulnerability observed in skeletal muscle disorders.
  • This concept may provide new avenues for investigating and treating conditions like muscular dystrophy, sarcopenia, and cachexia.
  • Further research into Hox gene regulation and function is crucial for elucidating their role in muscle health and disease.