Mapping potentially avoidable premature mortality in Mexico: subnational, sex, and age group trends

This study aimed to analyze the trends and disparities in preventable or treatable mortality rates among different age groups, sexes, and states in Mexico from 2000 to 2019. Using national data from 2000 to 2019, we examined potentially avoidable premature mortality (PAPM) rates, disaggregated into preventable and treatable deaths. Trends over time were visualized using the average annual percent change (AAPC) derived from joinpoint analysis. Subnational analysis was conducted to identify state-specific trends for each sex and age group. The national PAPM rate decreased from 297 deaths per 100,000 in 2000 to 281 per 100,000 in 2019. Potentially preventable premature mortality (PPPM) rates were more pronounced than potentially treatable premature mortality (PTPM) rates, with 170 deaths per 100,000 and 111 per 100,000, respectively. Sex-based disparities were observed particularly in the working-age population. Our analysis at the state level revealed significant differences in trends, as certain regions experienced reductions while others rises. These disparities became more evident when examining the different aspects of PAPM, especially in terms of PTPM. Our study highlights the differences in PAPM rates across age groups, sexes, and states in Mexico. Despite a general downward trend, upward trends were observed in the male working-age group. There was also wide variation among states, highlighting the need to use PAPM in conjunction with other health metrics for a holistic health analysis.