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Cardiovascular Risk Factors Predicting Cardiovascular and Cancer Deaths in a Middle-Aged Population Followed-Up for

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This study investigated cardiovascular risk factors in middle-aged men over 61 years. Many traditional cardiovascular risk factors did not predict cancer mortality, highlighting the complexity of these diseases.

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiovascular epidemiology
  • Oncology
  • Preventive medicine

Background:

  • Longitudinal study of middle-aged men (40-59 years) from the Italian Section of the Seven Countries Study.
  • Cohort established in 1960, free from cancer and cardiovascular disease at baseline.
  • Followed for 61 years, encompassing 1611 men.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To examine the association between 28 baseline cardiovascular risk factors and subsequent cancer and cardiovascular mortality.
  • To identify predictors of cancer death and cardiovascular disease mortality in a long-term male cohort.
  • To understand the overlap in risk factors for cancer and cardiovascular mortality.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized Cox proportional hazard models for survival analysis.
  • Analyzed 28 measured risk factors at baseline.
  • Employed Fine-Gray competing risks analysis to identify common risk factors for both outcomes.

Main Results:

  • Age, smoking, mother's early death, corneal arcus, xanthelasma, and diabetes were significant predictors of cancer death.
  • Arm circumference and healthy diet showed an inverse relationship with cancer mortality.
  • Age and smoking were significant predictors for both cancer and cardiovascular mortality; healthy diet was significant for coronary heart disease.

Conclusions:

  • A substantial proportion of traditional cardiovascular risk factors did not predict cancer mortality in this cohort.
  • Age, smoking, and xanthelasma emerged as significant common risk factors for both cancer and cardiovascular mortality.
  • Findings suggest distinct and overlapping etiological pathways for cancer and cardiovascular diseases.