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Updated: Jun 15, 2025

Antimicrobial Peptides Produced by Selective Pressure Incorporation of Non-canonical Amino Acids
Published on: May 4, 2018
Functional Diversity and Engineering of the Adenylation Domains in Nonribosomal Peptide Synthetases
Mengli Zhang1, Zijing Peng1, Zhenkuai Huang1
1College of Food Science and Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315800, China.
Abstract:
Nonribosomal peptides (NRPs) are biosynthesized by nonribosomal peptide synthetases (NRPSs) and are widely distributed in both terrestrial and marine organisms. Many NRPs and their analogs are biologically active and serve as therapeutic agents. The adenylation (A) domain is a key catalytic domain that primarily controls the sequence of a product during the assembling of NRPs and thus plays a predominant role in the structural diversity of NRPs. Engineering of the A domain to alter substrate specificity is a potential strategy for obtaining novel NRPs for pharmaceutical studies. On the basis of introducing the catalytic mechanism and multiple functions of the A domains, this article systematically describes several representative NRPS engineering strategies targeting the A domain, including mutagenesis of substrate-specificity codes, substitution of condensation-adenylation bidomains, the entire A domain or its subdomains, domain insertion, and whole-module rearrangements.
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