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Related Concept Videos

lncRNA - Long Non-coding RNAs02:39

lncRNA - Long Non-coding RNAs

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In humans, more than 80% of the genome gets transcribed. However, only around 2% of the genome codes for proteins. The remaining part produces non-coding RNAs which includes ribosomal RNAs, transfer RNAs, telomerase RNAs, and regulatory RNAs, among other types. A large number of regulatory non-coding RNAs have been classified into two groups depending upon their length – small non-coding RNAs, such as microRNA, which are less than 200 nucleotides in length, and long non-coding RNA...
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siRNA - Small Interfering RNAs02:30

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Small interfering RNAs, or siRNAs, are short regulatory RNA molecules that can silence genes post-transcriptionally, as well as the transcriptional level in some cases. siRNAs are important for protecting cells against viral infections and silencing transposable genetic elements.
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Types of RNA01:20

Types of RNA

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Three main types of RNA are involved in protein synthesis: messenger RNA (mRNA), transfer RNA (tRNA), and ribosomal RNA (rRNA). These RNAs perform diverse functions and can be broadly classified as protein-coding or non-coding RNA. Non-coding RNAs play important roles in regulating gene expression in response to developmental and environmental changes. Non-coding RNAs in prokaryotes can be manipulated to develop more effective antibacterial drugs for human or animal use.
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MicroRNAs01:22

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MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns (non-coding regions of a gene) or intergenic regions (stretches of DNA present between genes). Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself, forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After the pre-miRNA...
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The Nucleolus02:55

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The nucleolus is the most prominent substructure of the nucleus. When it was first discovered, it was considered to be an isolated organelle that forms fibrils and granules. In 1931, the relationship between the nucleolus and chromosomes was first described by Heitz. He observed that the appearance and size of nucleolus varies depending on the stage of the cell cycle. He also noticed constricted regions on different chromosomes clustered together at definite cell cycle stages. These regions,...
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piRNA - Piwi-interacting RNAs02:57

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PIWI-interacting RNAs, or piRNAs, are the most abundant short non-coding RNAs. More than 20,000 genes have been found in humans that code for piRNAs while only 2000 genes have been found for miRNAs. piRNAs can act at the transcriptional and post-transcriptional levels and have a vital role in silencing transposable elements present in germ cells. They are also involved in epigenetic silencing and activation. Previously, they were thought to function only in germ cells but new evidence suggests...
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Challenges in LncRNA Biology: Views and Opinions.

Donald A Adjeroh1, Xiaobo Zhou2, Alexandre Rossi Paschoal3,4

  • 1Lane Department of Computer Science and Electrical Engineering, West Virginia University (WVU), Morgantown, WV 26506, USA.

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Summary

This mini-review summarizes expert opinions on long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs). It covers challenges in computational analysis, and roles in cancer, sports, COVID-19, and human brain activity.

Keywords:
COVID-19cancerdeep learninglarge language modelslncRNA datasetslncRNAs

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Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Bioinformatics
  • Genomics

Background:

  • Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are increasingly recognized for their diverse biological functions.
  • Understanding the complexities of lncRNA research requires interdisciplinary collaboration.
  • The 2021 IEEE BIBM 3rd Annual LncRNA Workshop convened experts to discuss current challenges and opportunities.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To capture and synthesize expert perspectives on key issues in lncRNA research.
  • To identify emerging trends and persistent challenges in the field.
  • To provide a concise overview of lncRNA applications and implications.

Main Methods:

  • A mini-review format was employed.
  • Expert opinions were gathered from selected participants at the 2021 IEEE BIBM 3rd Annual LncRNA Workshop.
  • Discussions focused on five main themes: computational analysis, cancer, sports, COVID-19, and human brain activity.

Main Results:

  • Significant challenges exist in the computational analysis of lncRNAs.
  • lncRNAs play crucial roles in various biological processes, including cancer development and progression.
  • Emerging evidence highlights the involvement of lncRNAs in sports performance, COVID-19, and human brain function.

Conclusions:

  • Addressing computational challenges is vital for advancing lncRNA research.
  • Further investigation into the multifaceted roles of lncRNAs in health and disease is warranted.
  • lncRNA research holds significant potential for future diagnostic and therapeutic applications across diverse fields.