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Applying a Holistic Injury Prevention Approach to Elite Triathletes
Héctor Arévalo-Chico1, Sergio Sellés-Pérez1, Roberto Cejuela1
1Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Education, University of Alicante, 03690 San Vicente del Raspeig, Spain.
Sports (Basel, Switzerland)
|August 28, 2024
Summary
A holistic training prevention program significantly reduced overuse injuries in elite triathletes. Traumatic injuries remained unpredictable, with men more prone to them and women to overuse injuries.
Area of Science:
- Sports Medicine
- Exercise Physiology
- Injury Prevention
Background:
- Limited research exists on injury prevention programs specifically for triathletes.
- Elite triathletes face unique training demands and injury risks.
- A comprehensive approach integrating training load management and strength training is needed.
Purpose of the Study:
- To evaluate the effectiveness of a holistic training prevention program (HITP) in elite triathletes.
- To analyze injury incidence, types, and absenteeism over a three-year period.
- To identify sex-specific injury patterns in triathletes.
Main Methods:
- Implementation of a HITP involving fatigue monitoring, targeted strength training, cycling skills, and recovery strategies.
- Data collection on injury occurrence, type, and training/competition absence from 2021-2023.
- Inclusion of 18 male and 10 female elite triathletes from a single training group.
Main Results:
- A total of 24 injuries were recorded (0.65 per 1000 hours), with 14 traumatic injuries (TIs) and 10 overuse injuries (OIs).
- 46.4% of participants remained injury-free; 71.4% had no OIs. Average absenteeism was 17.3 days per injury.
- Men sustained more TIs, while women were more susceptible to OIs.
Conclusions:
- The HITP effectively lowered the incidence of OIs and severe injuries in elite triathletes.
- TIs were not reduced due to their inherent unpredictability.
- Targeted prevention strategies for OIs in female triathletes are crucial.
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