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Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) exhibit varying environmental behavior, with lower molecular weight (LMW) PAHs being more soluble and less toxic. Heavier PAHs are predicted to be mutagenic, influencing their environmental persistence and impact.

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Area of Science:

  • Environmental Chemistry
  • Toxicology
  • Computational Chemistry

Background:

  • Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are environmental contaminants with diverse behaviors.
  • Understanding PAH lability and persistence is crucial for environmental risk assessment.
  • In-silico methods offer a way to predict PAH properties and toxicity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the environmental behavior of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), distinguishing between labile and persistent forms.
  • To estimate the toxicity and physicochemical properties of 29 selected PAHs using computational tools.
  • To investigate the relationship between molecular weight and PAH environmental properties and toxicity.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) programs like Estimation Programs Interface (E.P.I.) and Toxicity Estimation Software Tool (TEST v5.1.2).
  • Employed online software including SwissADME and SwissDock for in-silico predictions.
  • Estimated key endpoints: LC50 for fathead minnow and Daphnia magna, IGC50 for Tetrahymena pyriformis, bioconcentration factor, developmental toxicity, and mutagenicity.

Main Results:

  • Lower molecular weight (LMW) PAHs demonstrated higher water solubility, higher LC50 values, and smaller LogKow values.
  • Higher molecular weight (HMW) PAHs exhibited the opposite trends, with increased potential for environmental persistence.
  • TEST predicted that PAHs with a molecular weight exceeding 168.2 g/mol are generally mutagenic, with few exceptions.

Conclusions:

  • Molecular weight and carbon chain length significantly influence PAH properties and environmental behavior.
  • LMW PAHs have a greater potential for environmental distribution due to higher solubility.
  • Despite higher environmental presence, LMW PAHs are predicted to be less toxic than their HMW counterparts.