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Related Concept Videos

Microenvironments01:22

Microenvironments

Microorganisms inhabit highly localized spaces known as microenvironments, which are defined by distinct physical and chemical characteristics. These include oxygen concentration, pH, temperature, light availability, and nutrient levels. The conditions within a microenvironment can differ markedly from those in the surrounding area and significantly influence microbial growth, metabolism, and community structure.Microenvironments often display sharp physicochemical gradients over small spatial...
Microbe-Plant Interactions01:09

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Microbe-plant interactions represent a dynamic spectrum of associations shaped by intricate chemical signaling. These interactions can be neutral, beneficial, or detrimental, and profoundly influence plant physiology, growth, and ecosystem function. The plant microbiome, comprising bacteria, fungi, archaea, protists, and viruses, plays a pivotal role in mediating these effects through surface colonization, internal colonization, or systemic symbiosis.Mutualistic associations, particularly with...
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The human respiratory tract, comprising the upper and lower segments, serves as a critical interface with the external environment. The upper respiratory tract (URT)—including the nostrils, sinuses, pharynx, and oropharynx—is heavily colonized by microbes, while the lower respiratory tract (LRT), composed of the larynx, trachea, bronchi, and lungs, was long thought to be sterile. However, recent molecular studies have revealed that the lungs are not devoid of microbes but act more like...

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Updated: Jul 9, 2026

Composition and Distribution Analysis of Bioaerosols Under Different Environmental Conditions
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Urban air quality affects the apple microbiome assembly.

Matthias Schweitzer1, Isabella Kögl2, Birgit Wassermann1

  • 1Institute of Environmental Biotechnology, Graz University of Technology, Petersgasse 12, 8010, Graz, Austria.

Environmental Research
|August 28, 2024
PubMed
Summary

Air quality significantly impacts plant microbiomes, with dust potentially colonizing fruit. Understanding these effects is crucial for urban farming and human health.

Keywords:
Air qualityApple microbiome assemblyMicrobial transmissionUrban dust microbiome

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Area of Science:

  • Environmental microbiology
  • Plant pathology
  • Microbial ecology

Background:

  • Air pollution poses health risks to all organisms.
  • The impact of air quality on plant microbiomes remains underexplored.
  • Understanding plant-microbe interactions is vital for ecosystem and human health.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the relationship between air quality and the microbiome of apples and surrounding dust.
  • To differentiate the microbial communities in apple episphere, endosphere, and dust.
  • To identify potential microbial colonization routes influenced by air pollution.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of fungal and bacterial communities in apple peel, pulp, and dust samples.
  • Correlation of microbial community composition with Air Quality Index (AQI) data.
  • Metagenomic sequencing to characterize microbial populations.

Main Results:

  • Fungal communities showed greater sensitivity to air quality variations than bacterial communities.
  • Distinct microbial communities were identified for each sample type (episphere, endosphere, dust).
  • A significant similarity was found between dust and apple peel endosphere bacterial communities, suggesting dust as a colonization source.

Conclusions:

  • Air quality influences the microbiome of edible plants like apples.
  • Dust acts as a potential microbial vector for fruit endosphere colonization.
  • These findings have implications for urban agriculture and food safety, impacting human health.