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Phenibut: A drug with one too many "buts"
Bill J Gurley1,2, Igor Koturbash2,3
1National Center for Natural Products Research, University of Mississippi, University, MS, USA.
Phenibut, a GABA derivative, is increasingly used for nootropic effects but carries risks of severe adverse events, addiction, and withdrawal. Research highlights the need for better screening and treatment strategies for phenibut toxicity.
Area of Science:
- Neuroscience
- Pharmacology
- Toxicology
Background:
- Phenibut, a gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) derivative, was developed in the Soviet Union for anxiety and cognitive enhancement.
- It is now marketed in Western countries for purported nootropic properties, increasing its use and potential for adverse effects.
Purpose of the Study:
- To summarize current knowledge on phenibut's toxicology, pharmacology, adverse health effects, and patterns of use.
- To highlight the risks associated with phenibut intoxication, withdrawal, and addiction.
Main Methods:
- A literature search was conducted using PubMed, Web of Science, and Google Scholar databases.
- Publications focusing on phenibut's effects, use, and associated health issues were reviewed.
Main Results:
- Phenibut use is linked to significant adverse effects, including intoxication, withdrawal, and addiction, some requiring hospitalization.
- Concomitant use with other substances of abuse is common.
- Lack of comprehensive toxicological and pharmacological data complicates treatment.
Conclusions:
- Phenibut poses serious health risks, including life-threatening conditions.
- Effective management requires improved drug screening and standardized treatment protocols for phenibut toxicity.
- Addressing online marketing challenges is difficult, shifting focus to clinical interventions.
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