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Sperm-origin paternal effects on root stem cell niche differentiation.

Tianhe Cheng1, Zhenzhen Liu1, Haiming Li1

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Summary
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Paternal genes TREE1 and DAZ3 in Arabidopsis sperm are crucial for normal embryo root development. Genetic deficiencies in these sperm genes cause lasting defects in plant organ differentiation.

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Area of Science:

  • Plant genetics
  • Developmental biology
  • Epigenetics

Background:

  • Parental genetic contributions to embryogenesis are known, but paternal effects on plant development are poorly understood.
  • Both parents contribute to the zygotic transcriptome, suggesting a paternal role in early development.
  • Specific paternal effects and molecular pathways remain largely unelucidated.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To demonstrate the paternal contribution to early embryogenesis and plant development.
  • To investigate the function of TREE1 and DAZ3 in Arabidopsis sperm.
  • To elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying paternal effects on root stem cell niche differentiation.

Main Methods:

  • Investigated the expression of TREE1 and DAZ3 in Arabidopsis sperm.
  • Generated tree1 daz3 mutant Arabidopsis.
  • Analyzed embryo root stem cell niche differentiation and root tip regeneration in mutants.
  • Studied the transcriptional regulation of RKD2 by TREE1 and DAZ3.

Main Results:

  • TREE1 and DAZ3 are exclusively expressed in Arabidopsis sperm.
  • tree1 daz3 mutants exhibited aberrant embryo root stem cell niche differentiation and disrupted root tip regeneration.
  • TREE1 and DAZ3 function by suppressing maternal RKD2 transcription.
  • These findings reveal enduring paternal effects on plant organ differentiation.

Conclusions:

  • Genetic deficiencies in sperm genes (TREE1, DAZ3) can have lasting paternal effects on specific plant organ differentiation.
  • Parental-of-origin gene interactions are critical for normal embryogenesis.
  • This work introduces a new perspective on how gamete quality impacts plant organ formation.