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Inflammation: Is It a Healer, Confounder, or a Promoter of Cardiometabolic Risks?
1South Asian Society on Atherosclerosis and Thrombosis (SASAT), Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
Biomolecules
|August 29, 2024
Summary
Inflammation is a natural defense mechanism, but excessive or prolonged inflammation contributes to various diseases. Understanding inflammation is key to developing treatments for conditions like heart disease and diabetes.
Area of Science:
- Immunology
- Pathophysiology
- Microbiome Research
Background:
- Inflammation is the body's response to injury, crucial for homeostasis and repair.
- Excessive inflammation drives diseases like Crohn's, obesity, diabetes, and cancer.
- Chronic low-grade inflammation accompanies cardiometabolic disease risk factors.
Purpose of the Study:
- To explore the multifaceted role of inflammation in health and disease.
- To highlight the involvement of immune pathways, gut microbiota, and fetal origins in inflammatory disorders.
- To discuss inflammation as a therapeutic target for cardiometabolic and other diseases.
Main Methods:
- Review of inflammatory signaling pathways, including cytokines, chemokines, and pattern recognition receptors (PRRs).
- Examination of the gut microbiome's influence on systemic inflammation.
- Analysis of inflammatory markers (e.g., IL-6, TNF-α, CRP) in cardiometabolic diseases.
Main Results:
- Inflammation involves complex pathways activated by PRRs (TLRs, NLRs) and inflammasomes.
- Gut dysbiosis can exacerbate inflammation, contributing to atherosclerosis and IBS.
- Specific inflammatory markers are associated with cardiometabolic diseases, indicating systemic inflammation.
Conclusions:
- Inflammation is a double-edged sword: essential for defense but detrimental when excessive.
- Targeting inflammation offers potential for managing and preventing a spectrum of diseases.
- Further research into inflammation mechanisms is vital for therapeutic advancements.
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