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DNA Methylation in Autism Spectrum Disorders: Biomarker or Pharmacological Target?
Hanieh Gholamalizadeh1,2, Maedeh Amiri-Shahri3,4, Fatemeh Rasouli3,4
1Student Research Committee, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad 13131-99137, Iran.
Brain Sciences
|August 29, 2024
Summary
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is highly inherited, with abnormal DNA methylation playing a key role. Changes in DNA methylation patterns may serve as biomarkers for ASD diagnosis and potential therapeutic targets.
Area of Science:
- Neurodevelopmental disorders
- Epigenetics
- Genetics
Background:
- Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a complex neurodevelopmental condition characterized by impairments in social behavior, communication, and cognition.
- While environmental factors contribute to ASD, genetic inheritance is a significant factor.
- Recent research highlights the role of epigenetic modifications, particularly DNA methylation, in ASD.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the current understanding of the association between DNA methylation alterations and ASD.
- To explore the potential of DNA methylation signatures as biomarkers for ASD diagnosis and prognosis.
- To examine DNA methylation as a target for future pharmacological interventions in ASD.
Main Methods:
- Systematic review of studies investigating DNA methylation changes in individuals and animal models with ASD.
- Analysis of research reporting alterations in DNA methylation at specific genes.
- Inclusion of epigenome-wide association studies (EWASs) examining global methylation patterns.
Main Results:
- Evidence suggests significant alterations in DNA methylation patterns in individuals with ASD.
- Specific gene methylation changes and broader epigenome-wide associations are linked to ASD.
- Animal models also exhibit aberrant DNA methylation relevant to ASD.
Conclusions:
- Altered DNA methylation signatures are strongly associated with Autism Spectrum Disorder.
- These methylation patterns show potential as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers for ASD.
- Targeting DNA methylation pathways may offer novel therapeutic strategies for ASD.
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