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CCL2/CCR2 Expression in Locally Advanced Prostate Cancer and Patient Long-Term Outcome: 10-Year Results from the TROG

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This study found that while chemokine ligand CCL2 and receptor CCR2 are present in prostate cancer tissue and serum, their expression does not predict disease progression or patient outcomes in locally advanced prostate cancer.

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Immunology
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Prostate cancer is a leading cause of cancer death globally.
  • Chemokine C-C motif ligand 2 (CCL2) and its receptor C-C motif chemokine receptor 2 (CCR2) play roles in cancer progression.
  • Their prognostic value in locally advanced prostate cancer treated with radiotherapy and androgen deprivation is not well-established.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the prognostic value of CCL2 and CCR2 expression in locally advanced prostate cancer.
  • To assess the correlation between CCL2 and CCR2 expression and patient outcomes.
  • To evaluate CCL2 serum levels as a potential biomarker.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of 10-year outcome data from the TROG 03.04 RADAR clinical trial.
  • Quantification of CCL2 and CCR2 protein expression in prostate cancer biopsies using immunohistochemistry.
  • Measurement of serum CCL2 concentration via enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.

Main Results:

  • CCR2 protein expression was detected in prostate cancer cells and associated with PSA levels (p = 0.045).
  • Neither CCL2 nor CCR2 tissue expression predicted disease progression, perineural invasion, or patient outcome.
  • Serum CCL2 levels were higher in prostate cancer patients than controls (p < 0.0001), but did not predict progression or outcome.

Conclusions:

  • CCL2 and CCR2 are expressed in locally advanced prostate cancer.
  • Increased serum CCL2 levels are observed in prostate cancer patients.
  • Neither CCL2 nor CCR2 expression, in tissue or serum, demonstrated clinical prognostic value for this patient group.