Development and Content Validation of a Nursing Clinical Simulation Scenario on Transfusion Reaction Management

Blood transfusion is a life-saving procedure widely used in healthcare. However, complications such as transfusion reactions may occur. Knowledge of these reactions is essential for patient safety. Nurses play a crucial role in this process by identifying complications and adverse reactions early on. A lack of professional competence in blood transfusion can lead to errors and serious complications, such as death. The aim of this study was to present evidence of the content validity of a simulated clinical scenario on transfusion reactions for teaching and learning for nursing students. This methodological study was carried out in three phases: (1) development of the simulated scenario of a transfusion reaction; (2) analysis of evidence of content validity by experts (n = 11); and (3) determination of satisfaction and self-confidence in the use of the simulated scenario by the nursing students (n = 45). The Content Validity Index was 94%. After the scenario had been developed, the content was validated and approved by 100% of the experts. All the items in the simulated scenario obtained agreement scores above 0.90. The simulated scenario was validated in terms of content and can be used to teach the management of transfusion reactions.