Therapeutic Maintenance of Janus Kinase Inhibitors in Real Life for Rheumatoid Arthritis: Retrospective Study

Background/Objectives: Janus kinase inhibitors (JAKis) belong to a new class of targeted oral drugs that have been added to the therapeutic arsenal for rheumatoid arthritis (RA). The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety profiles of these four available molecules (tofacitinib, baricitinib, filgotinib, and upadacitinib) in real life. Methods: A retrospective, single-center observational study including all patients treated with JAKis for RA from 1 October 2017 to 1 December 2023. We assessed the maintenance rate at 24 months, which is an indirect reflection of the clinical and biological safety and efficacy profiles. Results: The 76 patients in our study were thus treated for the first time with anti-JAK, including 55 patients with baricitinib (BAR), 9 patients with tofacitinib (TOF), 4 patients with upadacitinib (UPA), and 8 patients with filgotinib (FIL). The majority of our patients had BAR introduced as the first intention. The therapeutic maintenance at 2 years for all our patients was 50%. The average maintenance duration was 8.6 months and was similar in all the groups. Of the 76 patients included in this study treated with Baricitinib (72.3%), 38 (50%) discontinued their treatment after two years of follow-up. Conclusions: Although this retrospective study is subject to various biases, it shows that the persistence rates of the four JAKi molecules in daily practice did not differ significantly, thus confirming the long-term efficacy of these drugs.