Coxsackievirus Group B Infections during Pregnancy: An Updated Literature Review

Area of Science:

• Virology
• Maternal-Fetal Medicine
• Neonatology

Background:

• Coxsackievirus group B (CVB), an enterovirus, is a significant pathogen during pregnancy.
• Vertical transmission can lead to severe fetal and neonatal complications, including myocarditis and encephalitis.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review the risks, diagnosis, and management of Coxsackievirus group B infections in pregnancy.
• To highlight diagnostic challenges and current treatment limitations.

Main Methods:

• Literature review of studies on CVB infections in pregnant individuals and neonates.
• Analysis of diagnostic techniques, including RT-PCR for in utero detection.
• Examination of current supportive care and emerging therapeutic strategies.

Main Results:

• Congenital CVB infections are associated with high morbidity and mortality, including preterm delivery and fetal growth restriction.
• Long-term sequelae may include type 1 diabetes mellitus and cardiac anomalies.
• Asymptomatic maternal infections present diagnostic challenges.

Conclusions:

• Effective infection control and hygiene are paramount for preventing CVB transmission during pregnancy.
• Further research is needed to improve diagnostics and develop targeted in utero interventions.
• Enhanced understanding of CVB epidemiology is essential for better maternal and fetal outcomes.