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Related Concept Videos

T Cell Types and Functions01:24

T Cell Types and Functions

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When T cells with CD4 markers are activated, they give rise to two types of effector cells: helper T cells and regulatory T cells. Meanwhile, T cells with CD8 markers differentiate into effector cytotoxic T cells. The differentiation of CD4 T cells into helper T cell subsets, such as Th1, Th2, and Th17 cells, is dependent on the antigen type, antigen-presenting cell, and regulatory cytokines.
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T cells are integral to our adaptive immune system, recognizing and effectively responding to foreign antigens. T cell activation and clonal selection are pivotal in orchestrating this immune response. This article elucidates these mechanisms, detailing the roles of cluster of differentiation (CD) markers, major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules, costimulatory signals, and the process of clonal selection.
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Heterogeneous IL-9 Production by Circulating Skin-Tropic and Extracutaneous Memory T Cells in Atopic Dermatitis

Irene García-Jiménez1, Lídia Sans-de San Nicolás1, Laia Curto-Barredo2

  • 1Immunologia Translacional, Departament de Biologia Cellular, Fisiologia i Immunologia, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), Parc Científic de Barcelona (PCB), 08028 Barcelona, Spain.

International Journal of Molecular Sciences
|August 29, 2024
PubMed
Summary

Interleukin-9 (IL-9) is produced by both skin-tropic and systemic T cells in atopic dermatitis (AD). This cytokine

Keywords:
atopic dermatitiscutaneous lymphocyte-associated antigenextracutaneousheterogenoushouse dust miteinterleukin-9skin-tropicstaphylococcal enterotoxin B

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Dermatology
  • Allergy Research

Background:

  • Interleukin-9 (IL-9) is implicated in atopic dermatitis (AD) pathogenesis, primarily linked to skin-homing T cells expressing cutaneous lymphocyte-associated antigen (CLA).
  • The induction mechanisms of IL-9 by AD-associated triggers are not well understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the induction of IL-9 production by common AD triggers, house dust mite (HDM) and staphylococcal enterotoxin B (SEB).
  • To explore the role of skin-tropic (CLA+) and extracutaneous/systemic (CLA-) memory T cells in IL-9 production in AD.
  • To correlate IL-9 production with clinical characteristics and allergen sensitization in AD patients.

Main Methods:

  • Coculture of circulating CLA+ and CLA- memory T cells with autologous lesional epidermal cells from AD patients.
  • Activation of T cells using house dust mite (HDM) and staphylococcal enterotoxin B (SEB).
  • Measurement of AD-related mediators and cytokine responses in supernatants.
  • Association of cytokine responses with clinical characteristics.

Main Results:

  • Both HDM and SEB induced heterogeneous IL-9 production by CLA+ and CLA- T cells in AD patients.
  • Patients were stratified into IL-9 producers and non-producers, with producers showing higher HDM-specific and total IgE levels.
  • IL-9 production upon allergen exposure was dependent on epidermal cells and class II-mediated presentation, correlating with HDM-specific IgE.
  • SEB induced only mild IL-9 release compared to HDM.

Conclusions:

  • Both skin-tropic and extracutaneous memory T cells contribute to IL-9 production in atopic dermatitis.
  • The degree of allergen sensitization correlates with varying in vitro IL-9 responses.
  • IL-9 production patterns may allow for patient stratification within clinically homogenous AD populations.