Microbiota-Derived Extracellular Vesicle as Emerging Actors in Host Interactions.

Area of Science:

• Microbiology
• Immunology
• Neuroscience

Background:

• The human microbiota, primarily bacteria, plays a crucial role in host physiology and pathology.
• Gut dysbiosis is linked to inflammatory, autoimmune, and neurodegenerative diseases.
• Bacterial extracellular vesicles (BEVs) are emerging as key mediators of microbiota-host communication.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review the critical role of BEVs in host interactions.
• To highlight the impact of BEVs from different body sites on host systems.
• To discuss the implications of BEVs in health and disease.

Main Methods:

• Literature review of studies on bacterial extracellular vesicles.
• Analysis of research on microbiota-host interactions.
• Synthesis of evidence on BEV function in various physiological systems.

Main Results:

• BEVs transport effector molecules that modulate host signaling pathways and cellular processes.
• BEVs from the gut, lung, skin, and oral cavity influence the epithelium, immune system, and central nervous system (CNS).
• Dysbiosis-associated BEVs contribute to pathologies like inflammatory bowel disease, rheumatoid arthritis, and Alzheimer's disease.

Conclusions:

• BEVs are crucial mediators of inter-kingdom communication, influencing host health and disease.
• Targeting BEVs may offer therapeutic strategies for microbiota-related pathologies.
• Further research into BEV function is essential for understanding microbiota-host dynamics.