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Related Concept Videos

Pathophysiology of Heart Failure01:17

Pathophysiology of Heart Failure

1.5K
Heart failure (HF) is a progressive syndrome involving ventricles that leads to inadequate cardiac output. It can be classified based on location and output or ejection fraction. Ejection fraction (EF) is an essential measurement in the diagnosis and surveillance of HF. Reduced EF corresponds to systolic heart failure (HFrEF). However, HF with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) is becoming increasingly prevalent. Also known as diastolic HF, this form of HF is related to aging. The...
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Heart Failure Drugs: Diuretics01:22

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Heart failure and kidney perfusion are interconnected in a complex way. Reduced renal perfusion and venous congestion are two significant factors that contribute to renal dysfunction in heart failure. The kidneys, primarily responsible for fluid balance in the body, are adversely affected due to compromised cardiac output and increased venous pressure. In response to reduced renal perfusion, the kidneys activate neurohumoral mechanisms to restore balance. However, these mechanisms can be...
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Heart Failure Drugs: Inhibitors of Renin-Angiotensin System01:26

Heart Failure Drugs: Inhibitors of Renin-Angiotensin System

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The activation of the sympathetic nervous system and the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) contributes to cardiac remodeling, and inhibiting the RAAS is a pharmacological target in heart failure management. As a result, neurohumoral modulation is a crucial treatment principle for managing heart failure. This approach involves using medications like ACE inhibitors (ACEIs), angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs), β-blockers, mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists (MRAs), and neutral...
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Imbalances in Cardiac Output01:26

Imbalances in Cardiac Output

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The heart's primary function is to pump blood throughout the body, maintaining a balance between blood sent out (cardiac output) and blood returning (venous return). If this balance is disrupted, it can result in congestive heart failure (CHF), a severe condition where the heart becomes an inefficient pump, leading to inadequate blood circulation.
CHF can occur due to the failure of either side of the heart. Left-side failure leads to pulmonary congestion—the right side continues to send...
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Heart Failure Drugs: β-Blockers01:22

Heart Failure Drugs: β-Blockers

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β-adrenergic antagonists, commonly known as β-blockers, block the effects of sympathetic neurotransmitters such as noradrenaline (NA) and adrenaline (ADR). They have several beneficial effects in heart failure treatment. They reduce heart rate, the force of contraction, and cardiac muscle relaxation. They also slow the atrial-ventricular conduction rate and raise the threshold for arrhythmias. The concentration of β-blockers determines their effects on bronchodilation,...
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A Surgical Model of Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction in Tibetan Minipigs
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A Need to Preserve Ejection Fraction during Heart Failure.

Oluwaseun E Akinterinwa1, Mahavir Singh1,2, Sreevatsa Vemuri1

  • 1Department of Physiology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY 40202, USA.

International Journal of Molecular Sciences
|August 29, 2024
PubMed
Summary

Maintaining ejection fraction (EF) is vital in heart failure (HF) management. This review explores HF phenotypes, pathophysiology, and renal denervation

Keywords:
endothelial dysfunctionheart failuremitochondrial dynamicsoxidative stressreduced ejection fraction

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Nephrology
  • Internal Medicine

Background:

  • Heart failure (HF) presents a major global health challenge with rising prevalence and significant morbidity/mortality.
  • Ejection fraction (EF) is a cornerstone in HF diagnosis, severity assessment, and treatment strategy.
  • Distinct HF phenotypes, HF with preserved EF (HFpEF) and HF with reduced EF (HFrEF), require tailored management approaches.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To underscore the critical importance of preserving EF in heart failure patients.
  • To review the pathophysiology of HFrEF and its impact on patient outcomes.
  • To explore emerging therapeutic strategies, including renal denervation, for EF preservation in HF.

Main Methods:

  • Comprehensive literature review focusing on HF pathophysiology, EF assessment, and therapeutic interventions.
  • Analysis of current research on HF phenotypes (HFpEF and HFrEF).
  • Exploration of the potential role of renal denervation in managing HFrEF.

Main Results:

  • EF is a key determinant of HF prognosis and treatment efficacy.
  • HFrEF pathophysiology significantly worsens patient outcomes.
  • Renal denervation shows potential as an adjunctive therapy for EF preservation in HFrEF.

Conclusions:

  • Preserving EF is crucial for improving outcomes in heart failure.
  • Further research is needed to elucidate HFrEF mechanisms and optimize therapeutic interventions.
  • Renal denervation warrants further investigation for its role in HF management.