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EPAD1 Orthologs Play a Conserved Role in Pollen Exine Patterning.

Huanjun Li1, Miaoyuan Hua1,2, Naveed Tariq1

  • 1Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic & Developmental Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China.

International Journal of Molecular Sciences
|August 29, 2024
PubMed
Summary

The EPAD1 gene family is crucial for pollen wall formation in grasses (Poaceae). Its orthologs maintain pollen exine patterns across diverse species, ensuring successful pollination.

Keywords:
EPAD1Poaceaeapical spikelets abortionpollen exine patternprimexine

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Area of Science:

  • Plant biology
  • Genetics
  • Molecular biology

Background:

  • The pollen wall is vital for pollen protection and recognition.
  • Pollen exine stereostructure is conserved in Poaceae, but the conservation of formation factors is debated.
  • EPAD1 and its orthologs are implicated in pollen wall formation in wheat and rice, but not maize.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the conserved function of EPAD1 orthologs in Poaceae pollen wall formation.
  • To analyze EPAD1 orthologs from different Poaceae sub-clades (BOP and PACMAD).

Main Methods:

  • CRISPR-Cas9 gene editing was used to generate mutants in barley, sorghum, and millet.
  • Analysis of pollen wall formation defects in generated mutants.
  • Examination of gene expression patterns in barley spikelets.

Main Results:

  • CRISPR-Cas9 mutants in barley, sorghum, and millet exhibited defects in pollen wall formation.
  • Barley hvepad2 single mutants showed apical spikelet abortion.
  • Gene expression analysis revealed decreased HvEPAD1 and HvEPAD2 levels from apical to basal spikelets in barley.

Conclusions:

  • EPAD1 orthologs are essential for conserved pollen exine pattern formation in Poaceae.
  • These genes maintain primexine integrity, despite variations in gene copy number across species.
  • The findings clarify the role of EPAD1 in grass pollen development.