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Decoding India's Child Malnutrition Puzzle: A Multivariable Analysis Using a Composite Index.

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  • 1Department of Health Policy and Community Health, Jiann-Ping Hsu College of Public Health, Georgia Southern University, Statesboro, GA 30460, USA.

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Child malnutrition in India affects over half of children under five. Factors like birth order, maternal health, and socioeconomic status significantly predict nutritional outcomes, requiring comprehensive public health interventions.

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Area of Science:

  • Public Health
  • Pediatrics
  • Nutritional Epidemiology

Background:

  • Child malnutrition is a persistent public health challenge in India.
  • Understanding the determinants of malnutrition is crucial for effective intervention strategies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the prevalence and identify predictors of malnutrition in Indian children under five years of age.
  • To inform public health policies and interventions aimed at improving child nutrition.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized data from the India National Family Health Survey (2019-2021).
  • Applied the Composite Index of Anthropometric Failure to assess malnutrition.
  • Employed multivariable logistic regression to identify significant predictors.

Main Results:

  • Over 52% of children experienced anthropometric failure.
  • Female gender, larger birth size, higher maternal education, and better socioeconomic status were associated with lower malnutrition risk.
  • Higher birth order, severe maternal anemia, and specific religious affiliations were linked to increased malnutrition risk.

Conclusions:

  • Child malnutrition remains a critical issue in India, demanding integrated efforts from public and private sectors.
  • A 'Health in All Policies' approach is recommended to address factors influencing children's nutritional status.