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Experimental information gain is a discontinuous process where quantum interactions become observable events. These events, like photon detection, have measurable value and require entropy removal, incurring energy costs.

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Area of Science:

  • Quantum mechanics
  • Thermodynamics
  • Information theory

Background:

  • Information gain in experiments is crucial for scientific advancement.
  • Previous work has laid the groundwork for understanding quantum-instrument interactions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the discontinuous nature of experimental information gain.
  • To analyze the lifecycle of observable events (EOs) in physical systems.
  • To quantify the observational value and thermodynamic costs associated with information gain.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of quantum-mechanical matter-instrument interactions.
  • Focus on the specific case of photon detection.
  • Quantification of observational value in Planck quantum units.
  • Assessment of entropy removal costs based on Landauer's principle.

Main Results:

  • Information gain is a discontinuous process, transforming quantum interactions into macroscopic observable events (EOs).
  • Observable events (EOs) progress through four distinct phases: initiation, detection, erasure, and reset.
  • The observational value of EOs is measurable in Planck quantum units (h).
  • Entropy removal from instruments post-observation incurs an energetic cost of at least two Landauer minimum energy bounds (ELa) per entropy unit (kB).

Conclusions:

  • The process of experimental information gain is fundamentally discontinuous and involves distinct phases.
  • The measurement and reset cycle of quantum instruments have quantifiable observational and thermodynamic costs.
  • Understanding these processes is key to advancing experimental physics and quantum information science.