Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Effects of feedback01:24

Effects of feedback

528
Feedback in control systems plays a critical role in shaping various operational parameters, extending beyond simple error reduction to influence stability, bandwidth, gain, impedance, and sensitivity. Understanding these effects requires examining a basic feedback system characterized by defined input, output, error, and feedback signals.
Feedback significantly modifies the gain of a control system. The gain of a system without feedback is altered by a factor of one plus GH, where G represents...
528
Feedback control systems01:26

Feedback control systems

296
Feedback control systems are categorized in various ways based on their design, analysis, and signal types.
Linear feedback systems are theoretical models that simplify analysis and design. These systems operate under the principle that their output is directly proportional to their input within certain ranges. For instance, an amplifier in a control system behaves linearly as long as the input signal remains within a specific range. However, most physical systems exhibit inherent nonlinearity...
296
Root Loci for Positive-Feedback Systems01:23

Root Loci for Positive-Feedback Systems

107
The Hartley oscillator is a positive feedback system that sustains oscillations by feeding the output back to the input in phase, thereby reinforcing the signal. Positive feedback systems can be viewed as negative feedback systems with inverted feedback signals. In these systems, the root locus encompasses all points on the s-plane where the angle of the system transfer function equals 360 degrees.
The construction rules for the root locus in positive feedback systems are similar to those in...
107
Positive and Negative Feedback Loops01:18

Positive and Negative Feedback Loops

18.6K
Animal organs and organ systems constantly adjust to internal and external changes through a process called homeostasis ("steady state"). Examples of these changes include regulation of the level of glucose or calcium in the blood or internal responses to external temperatures. Homeostasis requires  maintaining an internal dynamic equilibrium:
18.6K
Differential Relays01:20

Differential Relays

117
Differential relays are used to protect generators, buses, and transformers by comparing electrical quantities at different points. When a fault occurs, the difference in current between the two points triggers the relay to operate, opening the circuit breaker. Under normal conditions, the current entering (i1) and leaving (i2) a generator are equal. When a fault occurs, however, these currents become unequal, and the difference current flows in the relay operating coil, causing the relay to...
117
Pilot and Numeric Relaying01:21

Pilot and Numeric Relaying

83
Pilot relaying is a type of differential protection used in power systems. It compares electrical quantities at the terminals of equipment via a communication channel instead of direct relay interconnection. This method is essential for transmission lines where the terminals are far apart, typically up to 80 km for lines with 69 to 115 kV ratings. Four types of communication channels are used for pilot relaying:
83

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Ultra-Reliable and Low-Latency Wireless Hierarchical Federated Learning: Performance Analysis.

Entropy (Basel, Switzerland)·2024
Same author

A Novel Tb@Sr-MOF as Self-Calibrating Luminescent Sensor for Nutritional Antioxidant.

Nanomaterials (Basel, Switzerland)·2018
Same author

Association of human leukocyte antigen alleles and supertypes with immunogenicity of oral rotavirus vaccine given to infants in China.

Medicine·2018
Same author

ANXC7 Is a Mitochondrion-Localized Annexin Involved in Controlling Conidium Development and Oxidative Resistance in the Thermophilic Fungus <i>Thermomyces lanuginosus</i>.

Frontiers in microbiology·2018
Same author

High mobility group box-1 induces pro-inflammatory signaling in human nucleus pulposus cells via toll-like receptor 4-dependent pathway.

Journal of orthopaedic research : official publication of the Orthopaedic Research Society·2018
Same author

Molecular investigation of "Candidatus Mycoplasma haemobos" in goats and sheep in central China.

Transboundary and emerging diseases·2018

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 14, 2025

Continuous-Wave Propagation Channel-Sounding Measurement System - Testing, Verification, and Measurements
09:36

Continuous-Wave Propagation Channel-Sounding Measurement System - Testing, Verification, and Measurements

Published on: June 25, 2021

3.0K

Feedback Approach for the Relay Channel with Noisy Feedback and Its Security Analysis.

Rong Hu1, Haonan Zhang2, Huan Yang2

  • 1School of Intelligence Technology, Geely University of China, Chengdu 610000, China.

Entropy (Basel, Switzerland)
|August 29, 2024
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study introduces an efficient coding scheme for additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) relay channels with noisy feedback, enhancing sensor and satellite communications. The novel lattice-based strategy improves performance in fading relay channels.

Keywords:
feedback codingnoisy feedbackrelay channelwiretap channel

More Related Videos

Large Scale Energy Efficient Sensor Network Routing Using a Quantum Processor Unit
05:30

Large Scale Energy Efficient Sensor Network Routing Using a Quantum Processor Unit

Published on: September 8, 2023

503
Calibration of Vector Network Analyzer for Measurements in Radio Frequency Propagation Channels
10:00

Calibration of Vector Network Analyzer for Measurements in Radio Frequency Propagation Channels

Published on: June 2, 2020

20.8K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 14, 2025

Continuous-Wave Propagation Channel-Sounding Measurement System - Testing, Verification, and Measurements
09:36

Continuous-Wave Propagation Channel-Sounding Measurement System - Testing, Verification, and Measurements

Published on: June 25, 2021

3.0K
Large Scale Energy Efficient Sensor Network Routing Using a Quantum Processor Unit
05:30

Large Scale Energy Efficient Sensor Network Routing Using a Quantum Processor Unit

Published on: September 8, 2023

503
Calibration of Vector Network Analyzer for Measurements in Radio Frequency Propagation Channels
10:00

Calibration of Vector Network Analyzer for Measurements in Radio Frequency Propagation Channels

Published on: June 2, 2020

20.8K

Area of Science:

  • Wireless communication
  • Information theory
  • Coding theory

Background:

  • Relay channels are crucial for sensor networks and satellite communication.
  • Existing schemes for additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) relay channels often assume noiseless feedback, limiting their applicability.
  • Noisy feedback in relay channels significantly degrades communication performance.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To propose an efficient coding scheme for AWGN relay channels with noisy feedback.
  • To extend the proposed scheme to multi-input single-output (MISO) fading relay channels (FRC) with noisy feedback.
  • To analyze the security performance of the developed coding schemes.

Main Methods:

  • A lattice-based strategy is introduced to mitigate the impact of feedback channel noise in AWGN relay channels.
  • Pre-coding is employed to transform MISO channels into single-input single-output (SISO) channels.
  • A two-dimensional lattice coding strategy is applied to address feedback fading channel noise.

Main Results:

  • The proposed lattice-based scheme effectively eliminates the impact of feedback noise in AWGN relay channels.
  • The extended scheme successfully handles noisy feedback in MISO FRC by converting it to a SISO channel.
  • Numerical examples validate the performance and security analysis of the proposed schemes.

Conclusions:

  • The developed coding schemes offer efficient solutions for relay channels with noisy feedback, applicable to sensor networks and satellite communications.
  • The lattice-based and pre-coding strategies provide robust performance in challenging communication environments.
  • The research contributes to advancing secure and reliable wireless communication systems.