Club Cell Secretory Protein-16 (CC16) as a Prognostic Biomarker for COVID-19 and H1N1 Viral Infections

Shane Moore ¹, Keerthana Gopichandran ¹, Elizabeth Sevier ¹

⁰Department of Clinical and Administrative Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, University of Georgia, Augusta, GA 30912, USA.

Diagnostics (basel, Switzerland) +

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August 29, 2024

View abstract on PubMed

Summary

Club cell secretory protein (CC16) may indicate disease severity in patients with COVID-19 and H1N1 infections. Higher CC16 levels in plasma correlate with non-survival, suggesting its potential as a prognostic biomarker for acute lung injury.

Area Of Science

Pulmonology
Infectious Diseases
Biomarker Research

Background

Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and H1N1 cause inflammatory lung conditions like acute lung injury (ALI) and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS).
ALI/ARDS remain critical illnesses with high mortality, lacking early diagnostic or prognostic laboratory tests.
Club cell secretory protein (CC16) is explored as a biomarker for lung epithelial damage.

Purpose Of The Study

To investigate if plasma CC16 levels can reflect the severity of infections caused by SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) and H1N1.
To assess CC16 as a potential prognostic biomarker for ALI/ARDS patients.

Main Methods

Plasma CC16 levels were measured in patients with COVID-19 and H1N1 infections.
Statistical analyses, including correlation and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis, were performed.
CC16 levels were compared between survivor and non-survivor groups and correlated with clinical severity scores (APACHE II, SOFA) and hospital length of stay.

Main Results

Plasma CC16 levels did not significantly differ between COVID-19 and H1N1 groups.
CC16 levels were significantly higher in non-survivors compared to survivors across both groups (p=0.001).
CC16 demonstrated acceptable accuracy in distinguishing survivors from non-survivors (AUROC analysis, p=0.002).
In COVID-19 patients, CC16 moderately correlated with APACHE II (r=0.374) and SOFA scores (r=0.474).
In H1N1 patients, CC16 positively correlated with hospital length of stay (r=0.311).

Conclusions

Circulating CC16 may serve as a biomarker reflecting the severity of COVID-19 and H1N1 infections.
Elevated plasma CC16 levels are associated with poorer outcomes in patients with these respiratory viral infections.
CC16 shows potential for early prognosis in ALI/ARDS patients, aiding clinical management.

Keywords:

acute lung injury acute respiratory distress syndrome hospital stay influenza A virus uteroglobin