Extraosseous Plasmacytomas: A Radiologist's Perspective-A Narrative Review of the Literature

Area of Science:

• Radiology
• Oncology
• Pathology

Background:

• Extraosseous plasmacytomas (EPs) are uncommon plasma cell neoplasms.
• They are classified into extramedullary myeloma, solitary extramedullary plasmacytoma (SEP), and multiple solitary plasmacytomas.
• EPs can occur in diverse extraskeletal locations, posing diagnostic challenges due to nonspecific imaging findings.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review and describe the radiographic features of extraosseous plasmacytomas in the chest, abdomen, and pelvis.
• To enhance understanding of imaging characteristics for improved detection and diagnosis.
• To emphasize the importance of considering EPs in the differential diagnosis.

Main Methods:

• Comprehensive literature review of existing studies on extraosseous plasmacytomas.
• Analysis of radiographic appearances across various anatomical regions (chest, abdomen, pelvis).
• Synthesis of imaging findings to characterize EPs.

Main Results:

• EPs exhibit varied and often nonspecific imaging features, mimicking other neoplastic and inflammatory conditions.
• Radiographic findings are crucial for initial detection and characterization.
• Histological confirmation remains essential for definitive diagnosis.

Conclusions:

• Recognizing the imaging characteristics of EPs is vital for accurate diagnosis and management.
• Considering EPs in the differential diagnosis is important, particularly in patients with a history of multiple myeloma.
• Early and accurate diagnosis through imaging significantly impacts patient outcomes.