Perivascular Fat: A Novel Risk Factor for Coronary Artery Disease
Spyridon Simantiris1, Aikaterini Pappa2, Charalampos Papastamos1
11st Cardiology Department, Hippokration Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece.
Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland)
|August 29, 2024
Summary
Perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT) changes, measured by the Fat-Attenuation Index (FAI), indicate cardiovascular disease risk. A new device standardizes FAI measurements for clinical use.
Area of Science:
- Cardiovascular imaging and diagnostics
- Adipose tissue biology and function
- Biomarker development for cardiovascular disease
Background:
- Perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT) influences vascular wall physiology through secreted factors.
- Vascular inflammation induces morphological changes in PVAT, quantifiable as increased attenuation in pericoronary adipose tissue (PCAT).
- Fat-Attenuation Index (FAI) measures PCAT attenuation, correlating with coronary artery disease (CAD) presence, progression, and plaque instability.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the interplay between PVAT and the vascular wall.
- To discuss the diagnostic and prognostic value of PCAT attenuation as a cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk marker.
- To highlight the development of a medical device for standardizing FAI measurements for clinical integration.
Main Methods:
- Review of existing literature on PVAT-vascular wall interactions.
- Analysis of PCAT attenuation quantification using coronary computed tomography angiography.
- Description of a novel medical device designed to standardize FAI measurements.
Main Results:
- PCAT attenuation, measured by FAI, is a significant imaging biomarker for CAD.
- FAI shows potential for improving cardiac risk stratification beyond traditional methods.
- Variations in PCAT attenuation measurements are influenced by technical, biological, and anatomical factors.
Conclusions:
- Standardized FAI measurements are crucial for integrating this research tool into clinical practice.
- The developed medical device aims to overcome current limitations in FAI measurement variability.
- PCAT attenuation holds promise as an innovative prognostic biomarker for cardiovascular disease.
Keywords:
atherosclerosiscardiovascular diseasecoronary computed tomography angiographyfat attenuation indexpericoronary adipose tissue attenuationperivascular adipose tissueMore Related Videos
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