Chemotherapy-Induced Peripheral Neuropathy: A Recent Update on Pathophysiology and Treatment

Area of Science:

• Neuroscience
• Oncology
• Pharmacology

Background:

• Chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN) is a significant and persistent adverse effect of certain cancer treatments.
• CIPN primarily impacts sensory neurons, leading to symptoms like numbness, tingling, and pain in the extremities, affecting patient quality of life and treatment adherence.
• The precise mechanisms underlying CIPN are complex, involving mitochondrial damage, ion channel dysfunction, immune responses, and microtubule disruption.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review the current understanding of CIPN pathophysiology.
• To summarize existing and emerging therapeutic strategies for managing CIPN symptoms.
• To provide insights into potential pharmacological interventions for CIPN.

Main Methods:

• Literature review of preclinical and clinical studies on CIPN.
• Analysis of research on the physiological mechanisms of chemotherapy-induced nerve damage.
• Synthesis of information on current and investigational treatments for CIPN.

Main Results:

• CIPN presents a significant challenge due to a lack of approved pharmacological treatments.
• Current management relies on symptomatic relief using antidepressants, antioxidants, anti-inflammatories, and ion-channel modulators.
• Promising novel therapies including cannabinoids, sigma-1 receptor antagonists, and nicotinamide riboside are under investigation.

Conclusions:

• Effective management of CIPN remains a critical unmet need in cancer care.
• A multi-faceted approach targeting different pathophysiological pathways is necessary.
• Continued research into novel therapeutic agents is essential to improve outcomes for patients experiencing CIPN.