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Nanothermite with Meringue-like Morphology: From Loose Powder to Ultra-porous Objects

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Ti/CuO Nanothermite-Study of the Combustion Process.

Mateusz Polis^1,2, Konrad Szydło^1,2, Barbara Lisiecka¹

¹Łukasiewicz Research Network-Explosive Techniques Research Group, Institute of Industrial Organic Chemistry, 42-693 Krupski Młyn, Poland.

Molecules (Basel, Switzerland)

|August 29, 2024

Summary

This study investigated Ti/CuO and Ti/CuO/NC nanothermites, revealing that increased fuel content enhances combustion. Cellulose nitrate addition had a complex effect on activation energy, with a unique mass transfer mechanism observed.

Keywords:

combustion energetic material nanothermite

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Area of Science:

Materials Science
Combustion Science
Nanotechnology

Background:

Nanothermites offer high energy density for energetic applications.
Understanding combustion behavior is crucial for optimizing performance and safety.
Electrospraying provides a method for controlled synthesis of nanothermite materials.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the combustion processes of electrosprayed Ti/CuO and Ti/CuO/NC nanothermites.
To analyze the effects of thermal conditioning, fuel content, and cellulose nitrate (NC) addition on combustion characteristics.
To elucidate the combustion mechanism and kinetics.

Main Methods:

Differential scanning calorimetry-thermogravimetry (DSC/TG) for thermal analysis and kinetic studies.
Scanning electron microscopy with energy-dispersive spectroscopy (SEM-EDS) for morphology and composition.
X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Raman spectroscopy for phase analysis.
Kissinger and Ozawa methods for calculating activation energy (Ea).

Main Results:

Combustion initiates between 420-450 °C, influenced by thermal conditioning.
Increased fuel content lowered Ea, increased reaction heats, and intensified combustion.
Cellulose nitrate (NC) addition significantly affected sintering but had an ambiguous impact on Ea.
A multi-step combustion mechanism with unusual fuel-core mass transfer was proposed.

Conclusions:

The study provides insights into the combustion behavior of Ti/CuO and Ti/CuO/NC nanothermites.
Fuel content is a key factor in controlling combustion intensity and kinetics.
The observed unique mass transfer mechanism warrants further investigation for advanced energetic material design.