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Adsorption isotherms are mathematical models that describe how molecules in a gas or liquid phase interact with surfaces. Two of the most common isotherm models are the Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms, which relate to Type I monolayer chemisorption. The Langmuir model is based on four key assumptions:• Adsorption cannot exceed monolayer coverage.• All surface sites are equivalent.• Molecules adsorb only at vacant sites.• There are no interactions between adsorbed...
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Ad Hoc Modeling of Rate-Dependent Adhesion in Indentation Relaxation Testing.

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  • 1Institut für Mechanik, Technische Universität Berlin, 10623 Berlin, Germany.

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Summary

This study introduces a new adhesion relaxation test for spherical indentation to measure rate-dependent adhesion. A simple four-parameter model is proposed to relate adhesion work and contact velocity, outperforming existing models.

Keywords:
JKR-type adhesionad hoc modeladhesion relaxationequilibrium interface energyindentation testingminimal modelscaling method

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Physics
  • Tribology

Background:

  • Rate-dependent adhesion is a complex phenomenon.
  • Existing physics-based models for adhesion are difficult to implement practically.
  • Analytical relations between work of adhesion and contact velocity are often implicit.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a practical method for estimating rate-dependent adhesion.
  • To introduce an adhesion relaxation test for spherical indentation.
  • To propose a new, simpler model for adhesion-velocity relationships.

Main Methods:

  • Spherical indentation with an adhesion relaxation test.
  • Nominal point contact analysis.
  • Stretched exponent approximation for contact radius evolution.
  • Development of a four-parameter adhesion model.

Main Results:

  • A novel adhesion relaxation test was successfully implemented.
  • A four-parameter model was proposed for the work of adhesion and contact front velocity relationship.
  • The proposed model demonstrated effective fitting performance.

Conclusions:

  • The adhesion relaxation test provides a practical approach to study rate-dependent adhesion.
  • The new four-parameter model offers a simpler alternative to existing complex models.
  • This work advances the understanding and practical application of rate-dependent adhesion in materials.