Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Gene Evolution - Fast or Slow?02:05

Gene Evolution - Fast or Slow?

7.1K
The genomes of eukaryotes are punctuated by long stretches of sequence which do not code for proteins or RNAs. Although some of these regions do contain crucial regulatory sequences, the vast majority of this DNA serves no known function. Typically, these regions of the genome are the ones in which the fastest change, in evolutionary terms, is observed, because there is typically little to no selection pressure acting on these regions to preserve their sequences.
In contrast, regions which code...
7.1K
Genome Size and the Evolution of New Genes03:21

Genome Size and the Evolution of New Genes

7.9K
While every living organism has a genome of some kind (be it RNA, or DNA), there is considerable variation in the sizes of these blueprints. One major factor that impacts genome size is whether the organism is prokaryotic or eukaryotic. In prokaryotes, the genome contains little to no non-coding sequence, such that genes are tightly clustered in groups or operons sequentially along the chromosome. Conversely, the genes in eukaryotes are punctuated by long stretches of non-coding sequence.
7.9K
Evolutionary Relationships through Genome Comparisons02:54

Evolutionary Relationships through Genome Comparisons

5.7K
Genome comparison is one of the excellent ways to interpret the evolutionary relationships between organisms. The basic principle of genome comparison is that if two species share a common feature, it is likely encoded by the DNA sequence conserved between both species. The advent of genome sequencing technologies in the late 20th century enabled scientists to understand the concept of conservation of domains between species and helped them to deduce evolutionary relationships across diverse...
5.7K
Comparing Mitochondrial, Chloroplast, and Prokaryotic Genomes02:16

Comparing Mitochondrial, Chloroplast, and Prokaryotic Genomes

12.0K
The present-day mitochondrial and chloroplast genomes have retained some of the characteristics of their ancestral prokaryotes and also have acquired new attributes during their evolution within eukaryotic cells. Like prokaryotic genomes, mitochondrial and chloroplast genomes neither bind with histone-like proteins nor show complex packaging into chromosome-like structures, as observed in eukaryotes. Unlike mitotic cell divisions observed in eukaryotic cells, mitochondria and chloroplasts...
12.0K
The Evidence for Evolution02:55

The Evidence for Evolution

42.6K
Genetic variations accumulating within populations over generations give rise to biological evolution. Evolutionary changes can result in the formation of novel varieties and entire new species. These changes are responsible for the diverse forms of life inhabiting the planet. The evidence for evolution suggests that all living organisms descended from common ancestors.
42.6K
Conservation of Protein Domains Over Different Proteins02:26

Conservation of Protein Domains Over Different Proteins

10.8K
Protein domains are small structurally independent units that are part of a single amino acid chain.  Although these domains are often structurally independent, they may rely on synergistic effects to perform their functions as part of a larger protein. Protein domains may be conserved within the same organism, as well as across different organisms.
A limited set of protein domains often duplicate and recombine during evolution. These domains can be organized in different combinations to...
10.8K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

A turn-on fluorescent nucleoside enabling sequence-insensitive DNA labeling.

Nucleic acids research·2026
Same author

Experimental assessment of AI-based interactome mapping.

Nature communications·2026
Same author

Developing and Evaluating Aquatic Passive Sampling of Environmental DNA for Microbial Community Profiling.

Molecular ecology resources·2026
Same author

Highly Secure In Vivo DNA Data Storage Driven by Genomic Dynamics.

Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany)·2026
Same author

Effector-host interactome map links type III secretion systems in healthy gut microbiomes to immune modulation.

Nature microbiology·2026
Same author

Strengthening awareness and response to HTLV-1 infection in Africa: A neglected threat to blood safety and public health.

HemaSphere·2025

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 14, 2025

Author Spotlight: Understanding Microbe Adaptation Using Innovative Techniques for Exploring Thermophilic Evolution
08:11

Author Spotlight: Understanding Microbe Adaptation Using Innovative Techniques for Exploring Thermophilic Evolution

Published on: June 14, 2024

704

Adaptive Evolution Signatures in Prochlorococcus: Open Reading Frame (ORF)eome Resources and Insights from

Sarah Daakour1,2, David R Nelson1,2, Weiqi Fu1,2,3

  • 1Center for Genomics and Systems Biology (CGSB), New York University-Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi P.O. Box 129188, United Arab Emirates.

Microorganisms
|August 29, 2024
PubMed
Summary

This study reveals distinct genetic adaptations in high-light and low-light strains of Prochlorococcus, a key oceanic cyanobacteria. Researchers identified specific genes and viral elements, creating valuable resources for future Prochlorococcus research.

Keywords:
MED4NALT1AProchlorococcuscomparative genomicsdeep learningendogenous viral elementslight adaptations

More Related Videos

Procedure for Adaptive Laboratory Evolution of Microorganisms Using a Chemostat
06:03

Procedure for Adaptive Laboratory Evolution of Microorganisms Using a Chemostat

Published on: September 20, 2016

14.3K
Heuristic Mining of Hierarchical Genotypes and Accessory Genome Loci in Bacterial Populations
08:03

Heuristic Mining of Hierarchical Genotypes and Accessory Genome Loci in Bacterial Populations

Published on: December 7, 2021

2.1K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 14, 2025

Author Spotlight: Understanding Microbe Adaptation Using Innovative Techniques for Exploring Thermophilic Evolution
08:11

Author Spotlight: Understanding Microbe Adaptation Using Innovative Techniques for Exploring Thermophilic Evolution

Published on: June 14, 2024

704
Procedure for Adaptive Laboratory Evolution of Microorganisms Using a Chemostat
06:03

Procedure for Adaptive Laboratory Evolution of Microorganisms Using a Chemostat

Published on: September 20, 2016

14.3K
Heuristic Mining of Hierarchical Genotypes and Accessory Genome Loci in Bacterial Populations
08:03

Heuristic Mining of Hierarchical Genotypes and Accessory Genome Loci in Bacterial Populations

Published on: December 7, 2021

2.1K

Area of Science:

  • Marine microbiology
  • Genomics
  • Evolutionary biology

Background:

  • Prochlorococcus is a genus of oceanic cyanobacteria, crucial for marine ecosystems.
  • Ecotype strains are adapted to distinct high-light (HL) and low-light (LL) environments.
  • Understanding adaptive evolution in Prochlorococcus is key to marine ecology.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the adaptive evolution of Prochlorococcus strains.
  • To identify genetic differences between HL and LL ecotypes.
  • To create biological resources for experimental studies.

Main Methods:

  • Comparative genomic analysis of 40 Prochlorococcus marinus ORFeomes.
  • Deep learning and statistical methods for protein family distribution analysis.
  • Synthetic construction of MED4 and NATL1A ORFeomes.

Main Results:

  • Identified key genes differentiating HL (e.g., ABC-2 transporters for stress resistance) and LL (e.g., ion transport proteins for chlorophyll adaptation) strains.
  • Discovered variable, depth-dependent endogenous viral elements across strains.
  • Generated synthetic ORFeomes for MED4 and NATL1A, covering 99% of protein-coding sequences.

Conclusions:

  • Comparative genomics and synthetic ORFeomes provide insights into Prochlorococcus adaptation.
  • These resources will facilitate genotype-to-phenotype mapping and systems biology research.
  • Findings advance our understanding of Prochlorococcus ecology and evolution.