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SmartVR Pointer: Using Smartphones and Gaze Orientation for Selection and Navigation in Virtual Reality.

Brianna McDonald¹, Qingyu Zhang¹, Aiur Nanzatov¹

¹Department of Computer Science, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL A1C 5S7, Canada.

Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)

|August 29, 2024

Summary

This study introduces SmartVR Pointer, a system using smartphones as controllers to reduce virtual reality (VR) costs and increase familiarity. It enables selection and navigation in VR, making immersive technology more accessible.

Keywords:

VR Interaction techniques image-based tracking phone in VR smartphones and HMDs touch and tactile input virtual reality and human–computer interaction

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Area of Science:

Human-Computer Interaction
Virtual Reality Technology
Usability Engineering

Background:

High cost and unfamiliarity of specialized controllers hinder virtual reality (VR) adoption.
Integration of common devices can lower barriers to entry for VR systems.

Purpose of the Study:

To propose and evaluate SmartVR Pointer, an approach enabling smartphones to replace dedicated VR controllers.
To facilitate natural interaction in VR for selection and navigation tasks using familiar smartphone interfaces.

Main Methods:

Developed SmartVR Pointer utilizing a head-mounted display (HMD) camera to track a smartphone.
Implemented three selection modalities: tracker-based (QR code), gaze-based, and a hybrid approach.
Tested the system for navigation via teleportation and interactive tasks within a VR environment.

Main Results:

SmartVR Pointer effectively replaces specialized controllers for selection and navigation in VR.
The system supports intuitive interaction through gaze and touch, with no calibration required.
Demonstrated successful application in a VR environment, including navigation and a Tetris-style challenge.

Conclusions:

SmartVR Pointer offers a cost-effective and user-friendly solution for enhancing VR interaction.
Leveraging smartphones significantly improves accessibility and familiarity in virtual reality experiences.
The developed approach presents a viable alternative for mainstream VR controller design.