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This study introduces a novel fiber-optic sensing system for measuring low-frequency vibrations. The system achieves high sensitivity and long-distance detection, crucial for applications like seismic monitoring.

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Area of Science:

  • Physics
  • Optical Engineering
  • Sensor Technology

Background:

  • Distributed fiber-optic sensors struggle with low-frequency vibrations (down to 5 mHz) due to poor signal-to-noise ratios.
  • Existing methods face hardware limitations, including reduced detection bandwidth and increased noise, hindering precise measurement of subtle signals.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and demonstrate a forward transmission-based distributed sensing system capable of measuring ultra-low frequency vibrations.
  • To enhance detection bandwidth and reduce noise by employing a polarization-generated carrier and cross-correlation techniques.
  • To achieve accurate vibration positioning and high sensitivity over extended distances.

Main Methods:

  • A forward transmission-based distributed sensing approach was utilized.
  • A polarization-generated carrier technique was implemented for detection bandwidth reduction.
  • Cross-correlation analysis was employed for vibration signal demodulation and positioning.

Main Results:

  • The system achieved a sensitivity of 0.63 mrad/με and a limit of detection of 355.6 pε/Hz1/2 at 60 Hz.
  • Demonstrated a sensing distance of 131.5 km with a positioning accuracy of 725 m (RMSE) and spatial resolution of 105 m.
  • Successfully measured vibrations in the frequency range of 0.005 Hz to 160 Hz.

Conclusions:

  • The proposed system effectively measures low-frequency vibrations (down to 5 mHz) with high sensitivity and accuracy.
  • The combination of polarization-generated carrier and cross-correlation significantly improves performance for distributed fiber-optic sensing.
  • This technology holds significant promise for applications such as seismic monitoring.