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Related Concept Videos

General Anesthesia: Overview01:24

General Anesthesia: Overview

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Anesthesia is a medical procedure that uses drugs for CNS suppression to enable painless surgeries and procedures. The selection of anesthetics is influenced by their pharmacokinetic properties, side effects, and patient characteristics. Various types of anesthesia include general, local, regional, spinal, and inhalational.
General anesthesia induces unconsciousness in the whole body, while the others target specific areas or sensations. It is administered to minimize adverse effects, maintain...
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Local Anesthetics: Pharmacokinetics01:13

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The potency and duration of action of local anesthetics (LAs) are determined by their pharmacokinetics. Pharmacokinetics describes how LAs are absorbed, distributed, metabolized, and eliminated from the body. When administered to the vascular tissues, LAs are quickly absorbed and enter the systemic circulation, reducing their localized effects. Adding vasoconstrictors such as epinephrine to LAs reduces their absorption into the systemic circulation, making them clinically effective. The...
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Stages of General Anesthesia01:22

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Various sedation levels offer significant advantages in facilitating procedural interventions for patients undergoing medical or invasive surgical procedures. These levels span from anxiolysis to general anesthesia, providing a spectrum of sedative effects to cater to specific patient needs. Anxiolysis reduces anxiety and is achieved through minimal sedation, enabling patients to remain awake and responsive while feeling more at ease during the procedure. This level can benefit minor...
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Parenteral Anesthetics: Overview01:24

Parenteral Anesthetics: Overview

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Intravenous anesthetics are drugs administered parenterally to induce anesthesia or sedation. Propofol is a widely used agent formulated as a 1% emulsion in soybean oil, glycerol, and egg phosphatide. It induces rapid anesthesia primarily due to its rapid distribution from the bloodstream to target tissues and is metabolized in the liver. However, it can cause significant pain on injection and hypertriglyceridemia. Fospropofol, a water-based prodrug of propofol, lacks these adverse effects.
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Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Spinal Anesthesia01:11

Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Spinal Anesthesia

592
Spinal anesthetics are given during lower abdomen and limb surgeries to block sensory and motor neurons. They are administered in the mid to low lumbar regions, primarily acting on the cauda equina's nerve roots. The blockade level depends on the local anesthetic (LA) concentration. Usually, low LA concentrations are sufficient to block sensory fibers, while only high LA concentrations block motor fibers. Other factors like injection volume and speed, the patient's posture, and the drug...
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Endoscopic Procedures IV: Sigmoidoscopy and Laproscopy01:26

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Sigmoidoscopy and laparoscopy are distinct medical procedures that enable physicians to internally inspect different parts of the GI tract. Although they serve different purposes, each is essential for diagnosing and, in some cases, treating various medical conditions.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 14, 2025

Assessing Changes in Volatile General Anesthetic Sensitivity of Mice after Local or Systemic Pharmacological Intervention
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Non-Pharmacological Psychotropic Measures for Surgery Under Local Anaesthesia.

A Frings1, N Shaker1, G Geerling1

  • 1Department of Ophthalmology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Duesseldorf, Germany.

Current Eye Research
|August 29, 2024
PubMed
Summary

Non-pharmacological psychotropic measures (NPTM) significantly reduced subjective anxiety and stress in patients undergoing ophthalmic surgery. This novel haptic intervention improved patient well-being, especially for first-time surgical candidates.

Keywords:
Eye surgeryanxietylocal anaesthesianon-pharmacological psychotropic measurewellbeing

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Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology
  • Psychology
  • Medical Technology

Background:

  • Ophthalmic surgery under local anesthesia can induce significant patient anxiety and stress.
  • Non-pharmacological interventions are increasingly explored to manage perioperative psychological distress.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the efficacy of a bilateral haptic non-pharmacological psychotropic measure (NPTM) in reducing anxiety and stress during ophthalmic surgery.
  • To assess both objective and subjective stress parameters in patients undergoing eye surgery.

Main Methods:

  • A clinical interventional case-control study design was employed.
  • Patients were randomized into an intervention group receiving NPTM (n=70) and a control group (n=68).
  • Objective (heart rate, blood pressure, sweat secretion) and subjective stress parameters were measured pre- and postoperatively.

Main Results:

  • No significant differences were observed in objective stress parameters between the NPTM and control groups.
  • A significant majority (79%) of patients in the NPTM group reported a positive subjective effect (p < 0.01).
  • First-time eye surgery patients experienced a significantly greater positive effect from NPTM (p = 0.027).

Conclusions:

  • Bimanual haptic NPTM significantly improves subjective anxiety and stress perception in patients undergoing ophthalmic surgery.
  • The intervention positively impacts patient well-being, particularly for those undergoing surgery for the first time.
  • Haptic NPTM offers a promising approach to enhance patient experience during local anesthesia procedures.