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Fatal nephrobronchial fistula arising from xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis: a case report
María Alejandra Burbano1, H A Nati-Castillo1, Natalia Castaño-Giraldo2
1Interinstitutional Internal Medicine Group (GIMI 1), Department of Internal Medicine, Universidad Libre, Cali, Colombia.
Introduction:
Nephrobronchial fistula is an exceptionally rare complication of renal infections, including the uncommon xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis. Existing literature is limited to a few case reports, with antibiotic therapy and nephrectomy being the preferred treatments.
Case:
We present the case of a 63-year-old woman with a history of recurrent xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis in her right kidney, requiring drainage through lumbotomy. She presented with a chronic dry cough and weight loss, without other noticeable symptoms. Imaging suggested a pulmonary abscess and nephrobronchial fistula. Despite antibiotic treatment and surgical intervention, her condition progressed fatally.
Conclusion:
Nephrobronchial fistulas are extremely complications of renal infections, often presenting with nonspecific symptoms. This case highlights their significant impact on morbidity and mortality, especially in resource-limited settings, and underscoring the urgent need for prompt diagnosis and treatment.
