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Imaging Approaches to Assessments of Toxicological Oxidative Stress Using Genetically-encoded Fluorogenic Sensors
Published on: February 7, 2018
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Fluorescent N-oxides: applications in bioimaging and sensing.
1Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Gandhinagar, Palaj, Gandhinagar, India. sriram@iitgn.ac.in.
Organic & Biomolecular Chemistry
|August 29, 2024
Summary
N-Oxide fluorophores offer "turn-on" fluorescence for detecting Fe(II) and imaging hypoxia. This review covers N-oxide applications in biological and pharmacological studies from 2010-2024.
Area of Science:
- Chemical Biology
- Biomedical Imaging
- Analytical Chemistry
Background:
- N-Oxides are zwitterionic, water-soluble compounds utilized in biological and pharmacological research.
- The N-oxide scaffold enables
- turn-on
- fluorescence via intramolecular charge transfer (ICT).
Purpose of the Study:
- To review N-oxide fluorophores and their applications in detecting Fe(II) and imaging hypoxic conditions.
- Focus on literature published between 2010 and 2024.
Main Methods:
- Literature review of N-oxide fluorophores.
- Analysis of applications in hypoxic cell lines, Fe(II) detection, and bioimaging.
Main Results:
- N-oxide cleavage, via enzymatic reaction or Fe(II), triggers fluorescence.
- Selective detection of Fe(II) at nanomolar concentrations in vitro and in vivo.
- Demonstrated utility in bioimaging and hypoxic environment studies.
Conclusions:
- N-oxide fluorophores are versatile tools for selective Fe(II) detection and bioimaging.
- Their
- turn-on
- fluorescence mechanism is effective under hypoxic conditions.
- Significant advancements in N-oxide applications have been made between 2010 and 2024.
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