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Home-Based Prescribed Pulmonary Exercise in Patients with Stable Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
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Food Insecurity Status and Health Care Utilization Among COPD Patients: A Retrospective Study.

Kristine Mendoza1,2, Patricia Calero1, Caroline Etland1

  • 1Hahn School of Nursing and Health Science, Beyster Institute for Nursing Research, University of San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA.

Western Journal of Nursing Research
|August 29, 2024
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Food insecurity and homelessness are linked to increased emergency department visits for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients. Addressing social determinants of health can improve healthcare utilization and outcomes.

Keywords:
COPDfood insecurityhealth care utilizationsocial determinants of health

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Area of Science:

  • Public Health
  • Health Services Research
  • Social Determinants of Health

Background:

  • Current government programs for chronic disease patients primarily focus on clinical factors and patient education.
  • These programs often overlook modifiable social determinants of health, such as food insecurity and homelessness, which can impact healthcare utilization.
  • There is a need to evaluate the influence of social factors on health outcomes and healthcare system engagement.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the relationship between food insecurity and sociodemographic variables.
  • To assess differences in healthcare utilization, specifically emergency department visits and hospitalizations, among patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) based on their food security status.

Main Methods:

  • A descriptive, retrospective, cross-sectional study was conducted using electronic health records from 854 patients diagnosed with COPD.
  • Data were analyzed using chi-square tests, t-tests, and multivariate logistic regression to identify factors associated with emergency department visits and hospitalizations.
  • Participants were sampled from emergency departments of hospitals in Southern California.

Main Results:

  • Significant differences were observed in food insecurity, age, race, medical insurance, zip code, homeless status, and smoking status between groups.
  • Patients reporting food insecurity showed a significant association with increased emergency department visits (P=.033).
  • No significant differences in hospitalizations were found between food-insecure and food-secure COPD patients (P=.592).

Conclusions:

  • This research highlights the association between upstream social determinants of health (food insecurity, homelessness, zip code) and downstream health outcomes like repeated emergency department visits.
  • Findings suggest that addressing social factors is crucial for effectively reducing healthcare utilization and improving patient outcomes.
  • Existing healthcare programs can be leveraged to impact health outcomes by incorporating interventions for social determinants of health.