An Insight into Different Experimental Models used for Hepatoprotective Studies: A Review

Numerous factors, including exposure to harmful substances, drinking too much alcohol, contracting certain hepatitis serotypes, and using specific medicines, contribute to the development of liver illnesses. Lipid peroxidation and other forms of oxidative stress are the main mechanisms by which hepatotoxic substances harm liver cells. Pathological changes in the liver include a rise in the levels of blood serum, a decrease in antioxidant enzymes, as well as the formation of free radical radicals. It is necessary to find pharmaceutical alternatives to treat liver diseases to increase their efficacy and decrease their toxicity. For the development of new therapeutic medications, a greater knowledge of primary mechanisms is required. In order to mimic human liver diseases, animal models are developed. Animal models have been used for several decades to study the pathogenesis of liver disorders and related toxicities. For many years, animal models have been utilized to investigate the pathophysiology of liver illness and associated toxicity. The animal models are created to imitate human hepatic disorders. This review enlisted numerous hepatic damage in vitro and in vivo models using various toxicants, their probable biochemical pathways and numerous metabolic pathways via oxidative stressors, different serum biomarkers enzymes are discussed, which will help to identify the most accurate and suitable model to test any plant preparations to check and evaluate their hepatoprotective properties.