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Related Concept Videos

Transformation of Plane Strain01:12

Transformation of Plane Strain

159
When analyzing elongated structures like bars subjected to uniformly distributed loads, it is essential to understand the transformation of plane strain when coordinate axes are rotated. This transformation helps to assess how material deformation characteristics vary with orientation, which is crucial in materials science and structural engineering.
Under plane strain conditions, typical for members where one dimension significantly exceeds the others, deformations and resultant strains are...
159
Three-Dimensional Analysis of Strain01:29

Three-Dimensional Analysis of Strain

209
Three-dimensional strain analysis is crucial for understanding how materials deform under stress, particularly in elastic, homogeneous materials. This method employs principal stress axes to simplify complex stress states into more understandable forms. Subjected to stress, a small cubic element within a material either expands or contracts along these axes, transforming into a rectangular parallelepiped. This transformation effectively illustrates the material's deformation. The principal...
209
Measurements of Strain01:27

Measurements of Strain

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Strain quantifies the deformation of a material under force, typically measured as normal strain, which represents the change in length when compared with the original length. Electrical strain gauges are used for enhanced accuracy. These devices consist of a conductive wire mounted on a paper backing that adheres to the material's surface. These gauges operate on the piezoresistive effect, where the wire's electrical resistance changes in response to mechanical deformation. The strain...
541
Elastic Strain Energy for Shearing Stresses01:20

Elastic Strain Energy for Shearing Stresses

172
As discussed in previous lessons, strain energy in a material is the energy stored when it is elastically deformed, a concept crucial in materials science and mechanical engineering. This energy results from the internal work done against the cohesive forces within the material. When a material undergoes shearing stress and corresponding shearing strain, the strain energy density, which is the energy stored per unit volume, is calculated. Within the elastic limit, where the stress is...
172
Relation between Poisson's ratio, Modulus of Elasticity and Modulus of Rigidity01:15

Relation between Poisson's ratio, Modulus of Elasticity and Modulus of Rigidity

253
Deformation occurs in axial and transverse directions when an axial load is applied to a slender bar. This deformation impacts the cubic element within the bar, transforming it into either a rectangular parallelepiped or a rhombus, contingent on its orientation. This transformation process induces shearing strain. Axial loading elicits both shearing and normal strains. Applying an axial load instigates equal normal and shearing stresses on elements oriented at a 45° angle to the load axis.
253
Hooke's Law01:26

Hooke's Law

357
Hooke's law, a pivotal principle in material science, establishes that the strain a material undergoes is directly proportional to the applied stress, defined by a factor called the modulus of elasticity or Young's modulus.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 14, 2025

Applying Dynamic Strain on Thin Oxide Films Immobilized on a Pseudoelastic Nickel-Titanium Alloy
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Polar Metallicity Controlled by Epitaxial Strain Engineering.

Mingdong Dong1,2,3,4, Yichi Zhang1,2,3,4, Jing-Ming Cao5

  • 1Department of Physics, School of Science, Westlake University, Hangzhou, 310030, China.

Advanced Science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany)
|August 29, 2024
PubMed
Summary

Researchers engineered polar metals from non-polar perovskite oxides using epitaxial strain. This breakthrough enables electric polarization control in next-generation electronics, optimizing conductivity and creating new device functionalities.

Keywords:
epitaxial strain engineeringnickelatepolar metalsecond harmonic generationthickness wedge

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Condensed Matter Physics
  • Solid-State Chemistry

Background:

  • Polar metals offer novel electronic functionalities by combining conductivity with electric polarization.
  • Inducing electric polarization in non-polar materials like perovskite oxides is key for advanced electronics.
  • Epitaxial strain is a powerful tool for tuning material properties in thin films.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the induction and manipulation of electric polarization and metallicity in NdNiO3 thin films.
  • To investigate the effects of varying epitaxial strain (sign, amplitude, anisotropy) on polar metal formation.
  • To optimize the polar metal state for potential applications in next-generation electronic devices.

Main Methods:

  • Epitaxial growth of single-crystalline NdNiO3 thin films on various substrates with different lattice mismatches.
  • Systematic variation of epitaxial strain through substrate selection and film thickness control using the "thickness-wedge" technique.
  • Characterization of electric polarization, metallicity, and transport properties under different strain conditions.

Main Results:

  • Non-polar pseudocubic NdNiO3(111) films were successfully induced into a polar state under both compressive and tensile epitaxial strain.
  • Optimization of electric polarization and metallicity was achieved by fine-tuning epitaxial strain via film thickness.
  • Transitioning to anisotropic epitaxial strain in NdNiO3(102) films resulted in an ideal polar metal state with a room-temperature resistivity of 173 µΩ cm.
  • The metal-insulator transition in NdNiO3 was suppressed, establishing the polar metal state as the ground state across all temperatures.

Conclusions:

  • Epitaxial strain engineering is a viable strategy for inducing and controlling electric polarization and electric transport properties in functional perovskite oxides.
  • The discovery of polar metals in NdNiO3 demonstrates significant potential for developing novel multifunctional electronic devices.
  • This work highlights the critical role of strain in manipulating the electronic ground state of correlated oxides.