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Related Concept Videos

Position-effect Variegation02:32

Position-effect Variegation

In 1928, a German botanist Emil Heitz observed the moss nuclei with a DNA binding dye. He observed that while some chromatin regions decondense and spread out in the interphase nucleus, others do not. He termed them euchromatin and heterochromatin, respectively. He proposed that the heterochromatin regions reflect a functionally inactive state of the genome. It was later confirmed that heterochromatin is transcriptionally repressed, and euchromatin is transcriptionally active chromatin.
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Decoding plant-induced transcriptomic variability and consistency in two related polyphagous mites differing in host

Lei Chen1, Li-Xue Guo1, Xin-Yue Yu1

  • 1Department of Entomology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.

Molecular Ecology
|August 29, 2024
PubMed
Summary

Generalist herbivores show varied transcriptional plasticity impacting host range. Tetranychus urticae exhibits higher plasticity than T. truncatus, influencing gene expression and detoxification pathways.

Keywords:
CYP392B3host transferhub genespolyphagous spider mitestranscriptional plasticity

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Area of Science:

  • * Evolutionary biology
  • * Molecular ecology
  • * Genomics

Background:

  • * Generalist herbivores often display greater transcriptional plasticity than specialists.
  • * Polyphagy, or a wide diet breadth, may influence host range variation among generalist species.
  • * Spider mites (Tetranychus spp.) provide a model system to study diet breadth and host range.

Purpose of the Study:

  • * To investigate if transcriptional plasticity contributes to host range variation in two generalist spider mite species with different polyphagy levels.
  • * To compare the transcriptional plasticity of Tetranychus urticae (broad host range) and Tetranychus truncatus (narrower host range).
  • * To identify genetic mechanisms underlying host plant adaptation in these species.

Main Methods:

  • * Comparative transcriptomic analysis of Tetranychus urticae and Tetranychus truncatus populations exposed to different plant hosts (bean, cotton, cucumber, eggplant).
  • * Gene expression profiling to assess transcriptional plasticity and population-based variation.
  • * Co-expression network analysis to identify key gene modules and hub genes involved in host plant response.
  • * Gene silencing experiments (CYP gene) to evaluate the functional role of specific genes in host adaptation.

Main Results:

  • * Tetranychus urticae demonstrated significantly higher transcriptional plasticity compared to Tetranychus truncatus.
  • * Both species upregulated genes involved in drug/xenobiotics metabolism when exposed to different hosts, with T. urticae engaging broader pathways.
  • * Co-expression networks revealed shared detoxification-related hub genes, but T. urticae showed more variable regulation.
  • * Silencing a shared CYP gene improved performance on a common host but negatively impacted T. truncatus fecundity on eggplant.

Conclusions:

  • * Transcriptional plasticity varies considerably even among generalist herbivores and is linked to host range.
  • * T. urticae's extensive transcriptomic variation may compensate for a potential deficiency in specific hub genes.
  • * Detoxification pathways are crucial for host plant adaptation in these spider mite species.
  • * Nuanced differences in transcriptomic variability contribute to the ecological success and host range of generalist herbivores.