Starch-based "smart" nanomicelles: Potential delivery systems for doxorubicin

Vesicular nanosystems are a cornerstone to the contemporary drug delivery paradigm owing to their ability to encapsulate a variety of drug molecules, which improves the overall pharmacokinetics and bioavailability of the cargo drug. These systems have proven potential in the delivery of hydrophobic chemotherapeutic "Doxorubicin" (DOX), which faces frequent challenge relating to its nonspecific interactions, dose-limiting toxicity (myelosuppression being the most common manifestation), and short half-life (distribution half-life of 5 min, terminal half-life of 20-48 h), which limit its overall clinical effectiveness. "Smart" nanomicelles with stimuli-responsive linkages take advantage of tumor microenvironment for deploying the cargo drug at the target site, which prevents nonspecific distribution and, hence, low toxicity. Similarly, those with stealth properties evade protein response, which triggers the immunogenic response. The nanomicelles co-loaded with magnetic nanoparticles provide additional utility such as contrast enhancement agents in theranostics. Overall, the starch-based nanomicelles prove to be an excellent delivery system for overcoming the limitations associated with the conventional DOX delivery regime.