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Related Concept Videos

Parental Care00:55

Parental Care

Many animals exhibit parental care behavior, including feeding, grooming, and protecting young offspring. Parental care is universal in mammals and birds, which often have young that are born relatively helpless. Several species of insects and fish, as well as some amphibians, also care for their young.
Randomized Experiments01:13

Randomized Experiments

The randomization process involves assigning study participants randomly to experimental or control groups based on their probability of being equally assigned. Randomization is meant to eliminate selection bias and balance known and unknown confounding factors so that the control group is similar to the treatment group as much as possible. A computer program and a random number generator can be used to assign participants to groups in a way that minimizes bias.
Simple randomization
Simple...
Blinding01:11

Blinding

Blinding is a commonly used method of not telling participants which treatment a subject is receiving. Blinding is a critical part of a randomized control trial or RCT. It reduces the bias that affects the results. In an RCT, blinding is used in the form of a placebo. A placebo effect occurs when untreated subjects falsely believe they have received the treatment and report improved symptoms. A placebo or a dummy treatment is administered to subjects to negate the bias caused by such an effect.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 19, 2026

Assessment of the Efficacy of An Osteopathic Treatment in Infants with Biomechanical Impairments to Suckling
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Stimulation Therapy to Induce Mothers: Protocol for a Multicenter Randomized Controlled Trial.

Danna Tortal1, Veronika Shabanova1, Sarah Taylor1

  • 1Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States.

JMIR Research Protocols
|August 29, 2024
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Nipple stimulation therapy may offer a more effective and natural approach to labor induction compared to synthetic oxytocin, potentially improving spontaneous vaginal delivery and breastfeeding success.

Keywords:
breast pumplabor inductionlactationnipple stimulationnipple stimulation therapyoxytocin

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Area of Science:

  • Obstetrics and Gynecology
  • Reproductive Medicine
  • Neonatal Nutrition

Background:

  • Synthetic oxytocin infusion is the standard for labor induction but is resource-intensive and linked to increased risks and poorer breastfeeding outcomes.
  • Endogenous oxytocin, released pulsatilely, differs from continuous synthetic infusion, presenting limitations in efficacy and safety.
  • Nipple stimulation, mimicking natural labor, stimulates endogenous oxytocin release, suggesting a potentially favorable inpatient induction method.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate inpatient nipple stimulation therapy as an effective labor induction method.
  • To determine if nipple stimulation increases spontaneous vaginal delivery and sustained breastfeeding rates.
  • To assess the cost-effectiveness of nipple stimulation therapy for labor induction.

Main Methods:

  • A multicenter, randomized controlled trial involving 988 nulliparous patients undergoing labor induction at ≥36 weeks gestation.
  • Comparison between inpatient nipple stimulation therapy using an electric breast pump and standard synthetic oxytocin infusion.
  • Primary outcomes include delivery mode and exclusive breast milk feeding at hospital discharge or 72 hours postpartum.

Main Results:

  • Pilot funding secured in 2021, full funding in 2023.
  • Enrollment commenced in November 2021, with recruitment ongoing at 3 sites as of May 2024.
  • Anticipated completion of enrollment by late 2026.

Conclusions:

  • This trial aims to provide robust data on the efficacy of nipple stimulation therapy for labor induction.
  • Findings may demonstrate improved labor induction methods and enhanced breastfeeding success and infant nutrition.
  • The study will inform clinical practice regarding alternative labor induction strategies.