Plasma Vitamin D Levels Among Nigerian Mothers and their Preterm Infants

Preterm delivery abruptly separates a baby from the placental supply of nutrients which are mostly accreted during the third trimester. The study aimed to determine the relationship between plasma levels of vitamin D in mothers and their preterm infants within the first 24 hours of life in a Nigerian population and how this is related to the intrauterine growth pattern.

This hospital-based panel study of 121 preterm infants and their mothers was carried out in three neonatal units in southwest Nigeria. The plasma levels of vitamin D were assayed in mothers and their corresponding singleton infants while anthropometric parameters of the babies were also recorded.

The prevalence of low plasma Vitamin D was 33.1% in the mothers and 43.8% in their preterm neonates. Plasma vitamin D levels in infants showed a moderately strong positive correlation with maternal plasma levels at birth (r = 0.517; p < 0.001). Mean maternal plasma Vitamin D was lowest in mothers whose babies were small for gestational age.

Notably high proportions of Nigerian preterm infants and their mothers had low plasma Vitamin D around the period of birth and low maternal vitamin D is associated with delivery of small-for-gestational-age babies. Supplementation of Vitamin D in pregnant women and preterm babies is recommended.