Lipid Nanoparticles for Brain Tumor Theranostics: Challenges and Status

Area of Science:

• Nanomedicine and Drug Delivery
• Oncology
• Biotechnology

Background:

• Lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) are advanced delivery systems for imaging and therapeutic agents, particularly for solid tumors like brain tumors.
• FDA/EMA-approved lipid-based nanosystems highlight their safety and efficacy, exemplified by their role in mRNA vaccines.
• Progress in nanoliposomes, solid lipid nanoparticles, and ionizable lipid nanostructures shows improved stability and versatility for disease treatment.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review and summarize lipid-based nanomedicines for brain tumor theranostics, covering preclinical and clinical studies.
• To discuss engineering and biological challenges, advantages, and clinical practice guidelines for lipid theranostic systems in brain tumors.
• To provide comprehensive knowledge on LNP-based theranostic agents for brain tumor imaging and therapeutics.

Main Methods:

• Literature review of preclinical and clinical studies on lipid-based nanomedicines for brain tumors.
• Analysis of engineering and biological challenges associated with lipid theranostic systems.
• Synthesis of information on advantages and clinical guidelines for different brain tumors.

Main Results:

• LNPs demonstrate potential for targeted brain tumor theranostics, with various formulations showing promise.
• Key challenges include in vivo morphological/biochemical changes, cargo leakage, long-term stability, and off-target effects.
• Significant advancements in lipid nanocarrier stability and reproducibility have been reported.

Conclusions:

• Lipid nanoparticles are versatile platforms for brain tumor theranostics, offering improved biocompatibility and targeted delivery.
• Overcoming challenges in stability and precise delivery is crucial for successful clinical translation.
• This review offers insights into LNP-based theranostics for advancing brain tumor diagnosis and treatment.