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Related Concept Videos

Electrostatic Boundary Conditions01:16

Electrostatic Boundary Conditions

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Consider an external electric field propagating through a homogeneous medium. When the electric field crosses the surface boundary of the medium, it undergoes a discontinuity. The electric field can be resolved into normal and tangential components. The amount by which the field changes at any boundary is given by the difference between the field components above and below the surface boundary.
The surface integral of an electric field is given by Gauss's law in integral form and is related to...
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Spin–Spin Coupling: Two-Bond Coupling (Geminal Coupling)01:20

Spin–Spin Coupling: Two-Bond Coupling (Geminal Coupling)

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Two NMR-active nuclei bonded to a central atom can be involved in geminal or two-bond coupling. Geminal coupling is commonly seen between diastereotopic protons in chiral molecules and unsymmetrical alkenes, among others.
The central atom need not be NMR-active because its electrons are affected by the electron polarization of the spin-active atoms. However, spin information is transmitted less effectively than in one-bond coupling, and 2J values are usually weaker than 1J values. The energy of...
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NMR Spectroscopy: Spin–Spin Coupling01:08

NMR Spectroscopy: Spin–Spin Coupling

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The spin state of an NMR-active nucleus can have a slight effect on its immediate electronic environment. This effect propagates through the intervening bonds and affects the electronic environments of NMR-active nuclei up to three bonds away; occasionally, even farther. This phenomenon is called spin–spin coupling or J-coupling. Coupling interactions are mutual and result in small changes in the absorption frequencies of both nuclei involved. While nuclei of the same element are involved...
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Spin–Spin Coupling: Three-Bond Coupling (Vicinal Coupling)01:22

Spin–Spin Coupling: Three-Bond Coupling (Vicinal Coupling)

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Vicinal or three-bond coupling is commonly observed between protons attached to adjacent carbons. Here, nuclear spin information is primarily transferred via electron spin interactions between adjacent C‑H bond orbitals. This generally favors the antiparallel arrangement of spins, so 3J values are usually positive.
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¹H NMR: Long-Range Coupling01:27

¹H NMR: Long-Range Coupling

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The coupling interactions of nuclei across four or more bonds are usually weak, with J values less than 1 Hz. While these are usually not observed in spectra, the presence of multiple bonds along the coupling pathway can result in observable long-range coupling.
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Magnetic Field due to Moving Charges01:23

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A stationary charge creates and interacts with the electric field, while a moving charge creates a magnetic field.
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Near-field coupling between topological corner states.

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    We explored near-field coupling of topological corner states in a photonic crystal. This coupling enhances light-matter interactions, boosting third-harmonic generation for advanced optical applications.

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    Area of Science:

    • Topological photonics
    • Condensed matter physics
    • Nanophotonics

    Background:

    • Topological states of matter offer unique properties for robust light manipulation.
    • Higher-order topological insulators host localized states at boundaries or corners.
    • The Su-Schrieffer-Heeger (SSH) model provides a framework for understanding topological phases.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • Investigate near-field coupling between topological corner states.
    • Demonstrate a higher-order topological photonic structure for hosting corner states.
    • Explore the potential of coupled corner states for light manipulation and enhancement of nonlinear optical processes.

    Main Methods:

    • Fabrication of a higher-order topological photonic structure with a square lattice based on the 2D Su-Schrieffer-Heeger (SSH) model.
    • Numerical and theoretical analysis of near-field coupling between engineered topological corner states.
    • Experimental verification of enhanced third-harmonic generation using coupled corner states.

    Main Results:

    • Successfully engineered topological corner states by controlling the structure's boundaries.
    • Observed hybridized local resonances and significant enhancement of the density of states upon near-field coupling of corner states.
    • Demonstrated enhanced third-harmonic generation, highlighting the practical utility of coupled topological corner states.
    • The observed phenomena resemble plasmonic and Mie resonances, offering new avenues for light control.

    Conclusions:

    • Near-field coupling of topological corner states leads to hybridized resonances and enhanced light-matter interactions.
    • Coupled corner states offer a promising platform for boosting nonlinear optical effects like third-harmonic generation.
    • This work provides insights into multimode topological photonics and effective light manipulation strategies.