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Tumor Immunotherapy

Tumor Immunotherapy

Immunotherapy is a treatment that boosts or manipulates the immune system to fight diseases, including cancer. For instance, by stimulating an immune response through vaccinations against viruses that cause cancers, like hepatitis B virus and human papillomavirus, these diseases can be prevented. Nonetheless, some cancer cells can avoid the immune system due to their rapid mutation and division. The immune response to many cancers involves three phases: elimination, equilibrium, and escape.

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Monitoring PD-1-Blocking Antibodies Bound to T Cells Derived from a Drop of Peripheral Blood

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Immune checkpoint blockade: timing is everything.

Frank A Sinicrope¹, Mary Jo Turk²

¹Division of Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA Sinicrope.Frank@mayo.edu.

Journal for Immunotherapy of Cancer

|August 29, 2024

Summary

Neoadjuvant immunotherapy leverages tumors to build systemic immunity against cancer. Surgical removal of tumors post-treatment may hinder this crucial antitumor response, potentially impacting patient outcomes.

Keywords:

Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor Immunotherapy Neoadjuvant T cell

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Published on: May 22, 2020

Area of Science:

Oncology
Immunology
Cancer Research

Background:

Neoadjuvant immunotherapy utilizes the tumor microenvironment to stimulate systemic antitumor immunity.
Resident memory T cells within tumors are key mediators of response to immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs).
ICIs prime CD8+ T cells and enhance antitumor responses by blocking inhibitory checkpoints.

Purpose of the Study:

To evaluate the impact of neoadjuvant immunotherapy on intratumoral and systemic antitumor immunity.
To assess the association between intratumoral T-cell clone expansion and pathological treatment response.
To investigate the potential consequences of surgical resection on antitumor immunity following neoadjuvant ICI therapy.

Main Methods:

Analysis of intratumoral immune responses to neoadjuvant immunotherapy.
Assessment of T-cell priming in tumors and draining lymph nodes.
Correlation of pathological treatment response with T-cell clone expansion.
Comparison of neoadjuvant versus adjuvant ICI therapy outcomes in melanoma patients.

Main Results:

Neoadjuvant ICI treatment enhances both intratumoral and systemic antitumor immunity.
Expansion of intratumoral T-cell clones correlates strongly with pathological treatment response.
Neoadjuvant immunotherapy shows high pathological response rates and prolonged survival in advanced melanoma.
Adjuvant ICI therapy alone may be less effective than neoadjuvant approaches.

Conclusions:

Neoadjuvant immunotherapy effectively primes the immune system against cancer by utilizing the tumor as an antigen source.
Surgical resection of the tumor post-neoadjuvant therapy may eliminate critical tumor-specific T cells, potentially compromising long-term antitumor immunity and treatment efficacy.